TY - JOUR
T1 - ADHD and attentional control
T2 - Impaired segregation of task positive and task negative brain networks
AU - Mills, Brian D.
AU - Miranda-Dominguez, Oscar
AU - Mills, Kathryn L.
AU - Earl, Eric
AU - Cordova, Michaela
AU - Painter, Julia
AU - Karalunas, Sarah L.
AU - Nigg, Joel T.
AU - Fair, Damien A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - In children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) difficulty maintaining task focus may relate to the coordinated, negatively correlated activity between brain networks that support the initiation and maintenance of task sets (task positive networks) and networks that mediate internally directed processes (i.e., the default mode network). Here, resting-state functional connectivity MRI between these networks was examined in ADHD, across development, and in relation to attention. Children with ADHD had reduced negative connectivity between task positive and task negative networks (p = 0.002). Connectivity continues to become more negative between these networks throughout development (7–15 years of age) in children with ADHD (p = 0.005). Regardless of group status, females had increased negative connectivity (p = 0.003). In regards to attentional performance, the ADHD group had poorer signal detection (d′) on the continuous performance task (CPT) (p < 0.0001), more so on easy than difficult d′ trials (p < 0.0001). The reduced negative connectivity in children with ADHD also relates to their attention, where increased negative connectivity is related to better performance on the d′ measure of the CPT (p = 0.008). These results highlight and further strengthen prior reports underscoring the role of segregated system integrity in ADHD.
AB - In children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) difficulty maintaining task focus may relate to the coordinated, negatively correlated activity between brain networks that support the initiation and maintenance of task sets (task positive networks) and networks that mediate internally directed processes (i.e., the default mode network). Here, resting-state functional connectivity MRI between these networks was examined in ADHD, across development, and in relation to attention. Children with ADHD had reduced negative connectivity between task positive and task negative networks (p = 0.002). Connectivity continues to become more negative between these networks throughout development (7–15 years of age) in children with ADHD (p = 0.005). Regardless of group status, females had increased negative connectivity (p = 0.003). In regards to attentional performance, the ADHD group had poorer signal detection (d′) on the continuous performance task (CPT) (p < 0.0001), more so on easy than difficult d′ trials (p < 0.0001). The reduced negative connectivity in children with ADHD also relates to their attention, where increased negative connectivity is related to better performance on the d′ measure of the CPT (p = 0.008). These results highlight and further strengthen prior reports underscoring the role of segregated system integrity in ADHD.
KW - ADHD
KW - Attentional control
KW - Default mode network
KW - Functional connectivity MRI
KW - Negative connectivity
KW - Task positive network
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U2 - 10.1162/netn_a_00034
DO - 10.1162/netn_a_00034
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85059696534
SN - 2472-1751
VL - 2
SP - 200
EP - 217
JO - Network Neuroscience
JF - Network Neuroscience
IS - 2
ER -