TY - JOUR
T1 - Adjunctive dental therapies in caries-active children
T2 - Shifting the cariogenic salivary microbiome from dysbiosis towards non-cariogenic health
AU - Lyashenko, Claudia
AU - Herrman, Elisa
AU - Irwin, Jessica
AU - James, Allie
AU - Strauss, Shay
AU - Warner, John
AU - Khor, Brandon
AU - Snow, Michael
AU - Ortiz, Stephanie
AU - Waid, Erin
AU - Nasry, Bishoy
AU - Chai, Jennifer
AU - Choong, Carissa
AU - Palmer, Elizabeth
AU - Kutsch, Kim
AU - Forsyth, Anna
AU - Choi, Dongseok
AU - Maier, Tom
AU - Machida, Curtis A.
N1 - Funding Information:
EH is a recipient of the Dean’s Student Research Fellowship Award from the OHSU School of Dentistry. EH, SO, BK, and MS are current students in the academic DMD degree program at the OHSU School of Dentistry. CL is the current Clinical Study Coordinator for our project. EW, JW, EP, TM, and CM receive salary support from the OHSU School of Dentistry and AF has an adjunct appointment at the School of Dentistry. This project and CM were also supported in part by NIH DE024317. KK is a collaborating independent investigator covered by OHSU FWA #161, who provided several caries-free study participants from his private dental practice in Albany, Oregon. JI, AJ, SS, JW, EW, BN, JC, and CC were former residents, staff members, or students who contributed in earlier phases of the project, and have started professional dental practice, obtained faculty appointments, or moved to other academic institutions. We also thank KK for establishing and supporting with Carifree (Albany, Oregon), the Bob Bowers Memorial Award for Student Research in Dental Caries. The Bob Bowers Memorial Award helps support dental students to conduct and present caries-related research at professional dental meetings and conferences. We thank the many other students, residents and staff who provided technical support in the earlier years of the project – including Paige Schmidt, Aisha Saradi, Manizha Rezayee, Tyler Horton, Courtney Levasa, Alyssa Avila, and Allen Yoshinaga. Special thanks are also extended to DMD students, Kareem Raslan and Ghazaleh Vargha, for their encouragement and support of their dentistry colleagues. We also thank Dr. Bruce Paster and the HOMINGS Laboratory for providing commentary on next generation sequencing procedures, and Drs. Tom Shearer, Bill Knight, Bob Steelman, John Engle, John Peterson, and Dena Fischer (NIDCR) for many discussions and support.
Funding Information:
EH is a recipient of the Dean's Student Research Fellowship Award from the OHSU School of Dentistry. EH, SO, BK, and MS are current students in the academic DMD degree program at the OHSU School of Dentistry. CL is the current Clinical Study Coordinator for our project. EW, JW, EP, TM, and CM receive salary support from the OHSU School of Dentistry and AF has an adjunct appointment at the School of Dentistry. This project and CM were also supported in part by NIH DE024317. KK is a collaborating independent investigator covered by OHSU FWA #161, who provided several caries-free study participants from his private dental practice in Albany, Oregon. JI, AJ, SS, JW, EW, BN, JC, and CC were former residents, staff members, or students who contributed in earlier phases of the project, and have started professional dental practice, obtained faculty appointments, or moved to other academic institutions. We also thank KK for establishing and supporting with Carifree (Albany, Oregon), the Bob Bowers Memorial Award for Student Research in Dental Caries. The Bob Bowers Memorial Award helps support dental students to conduct and present caries-related research at professional dental meetings and conferences. We thank the many other students, residents and staff who provided technical support in the earlier years of the project ? including Paige Schmidt, Aisha Saradi, Manizha Rezayee, Tyler Horton, Courtney Levasa, Alyssa Avila, and Allen Yoshinaga. Special thanks are also extended to DMD students, Kareem Raslan and Ghazaleh Vargha, for their encouragement and support of their dentistry colleagues. We also thank Dr. Bruce Paster and the HOMINGS Laboratory for providing commentary on next generation sequencing procedures, and Drs. Tom Shearer, Bill Knight, Bob Steelman, John Engle, John Peterson, and Dena Fischer (NIDCR) for many discussions and support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
PY - 2020/12
Y1 - 2020/12
N2 - Background: The oral microbiome is a complex assembly of microbial species, whose constituents can tilt the balance towards progression of oral disease or sustained health. Recently we identified sex-specific differences in the salivary microbiome contained within caries-active and caries-free children. In this study, we sought to ascertain if adjunctive dental therapies, including povidone iodine and chlorhexidine, were effective in shifting the cariogenic microbiome from dysbiosis to non-cariogenic health. Design: We recruited young children (ages 2–12 years) to enter five enrollment groups, with each group (N = 9–30 participants/group) receiving caries restorative and/or adjunctive therapies, either singularly or in combination (OHSU IRB #6535). Saliva specimens were collected pre- and post-treatment (4–8 weeks) of caries preventive measures, and oral microbiota were identified using next generation sequencing (HOMINGS, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA). Results: With the use of multi-dimensional scaling plots, support vector machine learning, odds ratio analysis, and other statistical methods, we have determined that treatment with povidone iodine can shift the composition of the salivary cariogenic microbiome to include higher proportions of aerobic microorganisms, such as Stentrophomonas maltophila, as well as non-cariogenic, anaerobic microorganisms including Poryphyromonas and Fusobacterium species. Conclusion: We have identified microorganisms that are associated with caries-active children and have determined that povidone iodine is an effective adjunctive therapy that has the potential to shift the composition of the cariogenic microbiome to one more closely aligned with non-cariogenic health.
AB - Background: The oral microbiome is a complex assembly of microbial species, whose constituents can tilt the balance towards progression of oral disease or sustained health. Recently we identified sex-specific differences in the salivary microbiome contained within caries-active and caries-free children. In this study, we sought to ascertain if adjunctive dental therapies, including povidone iodine and chlorhexidine, were effective in shifting the cariogenic microbiome from dysbiosis to non-cariogenic health. Design: We recruited young children (ages 2–12 years) to enter five enrollment groups, with each group (N = 9–30 participants/group) receiving caries restorative and/or adjunctive therapies, either singularly or in combination (OHSU IRB #6535). Saliva specimens were collected pre- and post-treatment (4–8 weeks) of caries preventive measures, and oral microbiota were identified using next generation sequencing (HOMINGS, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA). Results: With the use of multi-dimensional scaling plots, support vector machine learning, odds ratio analysis, and other statistical methods, we have determined that treatment with povidone iodine can shift the composition of the salivary cariogenic microbiome to include higher proportions of aerobic microorganisms, such as Stentrophomonas maltophila, as well as non-cariogenic, anaerobic microorganisms including Poryphyromonas and Fusobacterium species. Conclusion: We have identified microorganisms that are associated with caries-active children and have determined that povidone iodine is an effective adjunctive therapy that has the potential to shift the composition of the cariogenic microbiome to one more closely aligned with non-cariogenic health.
KW - Caries-active children
KW - Dental caries
KW - Dysbiosis
KW - Microbiome shift
KW - Oral health
KW - Povidone iodine
KW - Salivary microbiome
KW - Stentrophomonas maltophila
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85091198102&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.humic.2020.100077
DO - 10.1016/j.humic.2020.100077
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85091198102
SN - 2452-2317
VL - 18
JO - Human Microbiome Journal
JF - Human Microbiome Journal
M1 - 100077
ER -