Alterations in stromal glycoconjugates in macular corneal dystrophy

Nine biotinylated lectins were used as histochemical probes to localize the carbohydrate residues of glycoconjugates in normal corneas and in corneas with macular and granular dystrophy. The lectin binding patterns of normal corneas and of corneas with granular dystrophy were indistinguishable from one another, but were distinctly different from those found in corneas with macular dystrophy. Concanavalin A reacted weakly with normal corneal stromal matrix, but stained stromal matrix of corneas with macular dystrophy intensely. Furthermore, unlike the normal corneal matrix, stromal matrix of corneas with macular dystrophy reacted positively with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), Ulex europeus I, Dolichos biflorus, Bandeiraea simplicifolia I, Bandeiraea simplicifolia II, and soybean and peanut lectins. This study demonstrated specific alterations in glycoconjugates which occur in the corneal matrix of patients with macular dystrophy, namely the presence of oligosaccharides with terminal α-fucose, β-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine residues, and oligosaccharide chains with a β-galactose-N-acetylgalactosamine sequence.