TY - JOUR
T1 - Aspirin for the prevention of cancer incidence and mortality
T2 - Systematic evidence reviews for the U.S. preventive services task force
AU - Chubak, Jessica
AU - Whitlock, Evelyn P.
AU - Williams, Selvi B.
AU - Kamineni, Aruna
AU - Burda, Brittany U.
AU - Buist, Diana S.M.
AU - Anderson, Melissa L.
N1 - Funding Information:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The authors thank the following for their contributions to this project: AHRQ staff; the USPSTF; Luis Alberto Garcia Rodriguez, MD, MS, John Baron, MD, MS, MSc, Andrew Chan, MD, MPH, Eric Jacobs, PhD, Barnett Kramer, MD, MPH, Diana Petitti, MD, MPH, Peter Rothwell, MD, Steven Teutsch, MD, MPH, Asad Umar, DVM, PhD, and the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for providing expert review; Elizabeth O'Connor, PhD, Smyth Lai, MLS, Kevin Lutz, MFA, Keshia Bigler, BS, Tracy Beil, MS, and Caitlyn Senger, MPH, at the Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research; and Susan Brandzel, MPH, David Grossman, MD, Gabrielle Gundersen, BA, Nora Henrikson, PhD, Lisa Shulman, MSW, Chris Tachibana, PhD, Karen Wernli, PhD, and Arika Wieneke, BA, at the Group Health Research Institute. By contract HHSA-290-2012-00151-I from the AHRQ.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American College of Physicians.
PY - 2016/6/21
Y1 - 2016/6/21
N2 - Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Purpose: To conduct systematic reviews of aspirin and 1) total cancer mortality and incidence in persons eligible for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 2) colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and incidence in persons at average CRC risk. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through January 2015 and relevant references from other reviews. Study Selection: Trials comparing oral aspirin versus placebo or no treatment in adults aged 40 years or older were included. Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and articles against inclusion and quality criteria. Data Extraction: Data from 20 good- or fair-quality trials were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by another. Data Synthesis: In CVD primary prevention trials, cancer mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.96 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.06]) (10 trials; n = 103 787) and incidence (RR, 0.98 [CI, 0.93 to 1.04]) (6 trials; n = 72 926) were similar in aspirin and control groups over 3.6 to 10.1 years. In CVD primary and secondary prevention trials, 20- year CRC mortality was reduced among persons assigned to aspirin therapy (RR, 0.67 [CI, 0.52 to 0.86]) (4 trials; n = 14 033). Aspirin appeared to reduce CRC incidence beginning 10 to 19 years after initiation (RR, 0.60 [CI, 0.47 to 0.76]) (3 trials; n = 47 464). Limitations: Most data were from clinically and methodologically heterogeneous CVD prevention trials. Outcome assessment and follow-up length varied across studies. Data on non- CRC cancer types and subgroups were limited. Conclusion: In CVD primary prevention populations, aspirin's effect on total cancer mortality and incidence was not clearly established. Evidence from CVD primary and secondary prevention studies suggested that aspirin therapy reduces CRC incidence and perhaps mortality approximately 10 years after initiation.
AB - Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Purpose: To conduct systematic reviews of aspirin and 1) total cancer mortality and incidence in persons eligible for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 2) colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and incidence in persons at average CRC risk. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through January 2015 and relevant references from other reviews. Study Selection: Trials comparing oral aspirin versus placebo or no treatment in adults aged 40 years or older were included. Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and articles against inclusion and quality criteria. Data Extraction: Data from 20 good- or fair-quality trials were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by another. Data Synthesis: In CVD primary prevention trials, cancer mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.96 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.06]) (10 trials; n = 103 787) and incidence (RR, 0.98 [CI, 0.93 to 1.04]) (6 trials; n = 72 926) were similar in aspirin and control groups over 3.6 to 10.1 years. In CVD primary and secondary prevention trials, 20- year CRC mortality was reduced among persons assigned to aspirin therapy (RR, 0.67 [CI, 0.52 to 0.86]) (4 trials; n = 14 033). Aspirin appeared to reduce CRC incidence beginning 10 to 19 years after initiation (RR, 0.60 [CI, 0.47 to 0.76]) (3 trials; n = 47 464). Limitations: Most data were from clinically and methodologically heterogeneous CVD prevention trials. Outcome assessment and follow-up length varied across studies. Data on non- CRC cancer types and subgroups were limited. Conclusion: In CVD primary prevention populations, aspirin's effect on total cancer mortality and incidence was not clearly established. Evidence from CVD primary and secondary prevention studies suggested that aspirin therapy reduces CRC incidence and perhaps mortality approximately 10 years after initiation.
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U2 - 10.7326/M15-2117
DO - 10.7326/M15-2117
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27064482
AN - SCOPUS:84975256623
SN - 0003-4819
VL - 164
SP - 814
EP - 825
JO - Annals of Internal Medicine
JF - Annals of Internal Medicine
IS - 12
ER -