@article{a4d0a964d51740ab81a04c428a7d4b31,
title = "Basics of Neuromonitoring and Anesthetic Considerations",
abstract = "It is important anesthesiologists understand the pharmacologic interactions of anesthetics and monitoring of evoked potentials or electroencephalography. Intravenous and inhaled anesthetics have varying degrees of influence on different monitoring modalities and can affect amplitude and latency of evoked potentials or voltage and frequency of electroencephalography. Sudden and abrupt changes in monitoring are concerning and should be evaluated promptly. The source of the changes is related to sudden modifications of anesthesia delivery, variations in vital parameters, or the result of surgical manipulation. Identifying sources of abnormal signals and determining the reason for the change should be addressed immediately and corrected accordingly.",
keywords = "Burst suppression, Electroencephalography, Evoked potentials",
author = "Shilpa Rao and James Kurfess and Treggiari, {Miriam M.}",
note = "Funding Information: No conflicts of interest. • With the increasing use of neuromonitoring modalities during intracranial, carotid and spine procedures, it is important to understand the effects of physiological changes and pharmacologic interventions on these monitoring modalities. • There is currently a level I recommendation for the use of multimodal intraoperative neuromonitoring (including SSEPs and MEPs) during procedures involving the spine. This recommendation is based on the reliability and validity of these monitoring modalities in assessing spinal cord integrity. • MEPs are superior to SSEP recordings as diagnostic adjuncts for the assessment of spinal cord integrity. • There is insufficient evidence for routine use of neuromonitoring for routine cervical spine procedures in neurologically intact patients. • Controversies continue to exist regarding the cost effectiveness of use of intraoperative multimodal neuromonitoring for procedures other than spine surgery. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2021",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.anclin.2020.11.009",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "39",
pages = "195--209",
journal = "Anesthesiology Clinics",
issn = "1932-2275",
publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
number = "1",
}