Conditions to optimise the developmental competence of immature equine oocytes

Optimising the developmental potential of immature equine oocytes and in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos was explored through modifications of established media and holding temperature. In Experiment 1, delaying spontaneous resumption of meiosis through the process of simulated physiological oocyte maturation with the addition of the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (50 µM) and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (100 µM) to overnight holding medium before maturation improved blastocyst production (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, the blastocyst production rate was increased significantly when cumulin (100 ng mL-1) was added to the overnight holding or culture media (P < 0.05). In Experiment 3, immature oocytes held overnight at 16°C before maturation had improved developmental competence than those held at 20°C and 5°C (P < 0.05). There was no difference between maturation rates, but blastocyst formation per cleaved oocyte was significantly greater in oocytes held overnight at 16°C than at 20°C or 5°C. Furthermore, blastocyst formation per recovered oocyte and per fertilised oocyte was greater when oocytes were held before maturation at 16°C than at 5°C (P < 0.05). In Experiment 4, the addition of sodium ascorbate (AC; 50 µg mL-1) to the maturation and/or culture media of oocytes and IVP embryos did not improve blastocyst production, but did appear to lower cleavage rates compared with oocytes and embryos cultured without AC.