@inbook{8e5129c7558548dc8ad5e0943aa6739c,
title = "Delivery of chemotherapeutics across the blood-brain barrier: Challenges and advances",
abstract = "The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits drug delivery to brain tumors. We utilize intraarterial infusion of hyperosmotic mannitol to reversibly open the BBB by shrinking endothelial cells and opening tight junctions between the cells. This approach transiently increases the delivery of chemotherapy, antibodies, and nanoparticles to brain. Our preclinical studies have optimized the BBB disruption (BBBD) technique and clinical studies have shown its safety and efficacy. The delivery of methotrexate-based chemotherapy in conjunction with BBBD provides excellent outcomes in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) including stable or improved cognitive function in survivors a median of 12 years (range 2-26 years) after diagnosis. The addition of rituximab to chemotherapy with BBBD for PCNSL can be safely accomplished with excellent overall survival. Our translational studies of thiol agents to protect against platinum-induced toxicities led to the development of a two-compartment model in brain tumor patients. We showed that delayed high-dose sodium thiosulfate protects against carboplatin-induced hearing loss, providing the framework for large cooperative group trials of hearing chemoprotection. Neuroimaging studies have identified that ferumoxytol, an iron oxide nanoparticle blood pool agent, appears to be a superior contrast agent to accurately assess therapy-induced changes in brain tumor vasculature, in brain tumor response to therapy, and in differentiating central nervous system lesions with inflammatory components. This chapter reviews the breakthroughs, challenges, and future directions for BBBD.",
keywords = "Blood-brain barrier, Blood-brain barrier disruption, Chemoprotection, Monoclonal antibody, Neuroimaging, Primary central nervous system lymphoma",
author = "Doolittle, {Nancy D.} and Muldoon, {Leslie L.} and Culp, {Aliana Y.} and Neuwelt, {Edward A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the OHSU preclinical and clinical BBB team as well as our colleagues in blood-brain barrier disruption, primary central nervous system lymphoma, thiol chemoprotection, and neuroimaging for their commitment and ongoing collaboration. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health R01 Grants CA137488, NS44687, and NS53468 from National Cancer Institute and from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (E. A. N.); The Walter S. and Lucienne Driskill Foundation Grant (E. A. N.); and a Veterans Administration Merit Review Grant (E. A. N.). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2014",
doi = "10.1016/bs.apha.2014.06.002",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Advances in Pharmacology",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
pages = "203--243",
booktitle = "Advances in Pharmacology",
}