TY - JOUR
T1 - Development and validation of the 22-item Tarumi's Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale
T2 - Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self-Esteem (TACS-22)
AU - Kato, Takahiro A.
AU - Katsuki, Ryoko
AU - Kubo, Hiroaki
AU - Shimokawa, Norihiro
AU - Sato-Kasai, Mina
AU - Hayakawa, Kohei
AU - Kuwano, Nobuki
AU - Umene-Nakano, Wakako
AU - Tateno, Masaru
AU - Setoyama, Daiki
AU - Kang, Dongchon
AU - Watabe, Motoki
AU - Sakamoto, Shinji
AU - Teo, Alan R.
AU - Kanba, Shigenobu
N1 - Funding Information:
A series of MTD studies in Kyushu University have been conducted in accordance with the cherished desire of the late Dr Shin Tarumi (1971–2005). The authors would like to thank Dr Koji Tanaka, Dr Hideki Horikawa, Mr Keita Kurahara, Ms Ayako Inoue, Ms Sakumi Kakimoto, Ms Yoko Zushi, and Ms Keiko Kojima at Kyushu University for their research support and/or assistance. This work was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on: (i) Innovative Areas ‘Will-Dynamics’ of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan (JP16H06403 to T.A.K.); (ii) the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (Syogaisya-Taisaku-Sogo-Kenkyu-Kaihatsu-Jigyo to T.A.K. & S.K. [JP18dk0307075], and Yugo-No to T.A.K. [JP18dm0107095]); (iii) KAKENHI – the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP15K15431 & JP26713039 to T.A.K., and JP16H03741 to S.S. & T.A.K.); (iv) SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation (to T.A.K. and S.K.); and (v) the JSPS Bilateral Joint Research Project between USA and Japan (to T.A.K. and A.R.T). Dr Teo is supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government. None of the funders had a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Aim: Understanding premorbid personality is important, especially when considering treatment selection. Historically, the premorbid personality of patients with major depression in Japan was described as Shuchaku-kishitsu [similar to Typus melancholicus], as proposed by Shimoda in the 1930s. Since around 2000, there have been increased reports in Japan of young adults with depression who have had premorbid personality differing from the traditional type. In 2005, Tarumi termed this novel condition ‘dysthymic-type depression,’ and more recently the condition has been called Shin-gata/Gendai-gata Utsu-byo [modern-type depression (MTD)]. We recently developed a semi-structured diagnostic interview to evaluate MTD. Development of a tool that enables understanding of premorbid personality in a short time, especially at the early stage of treatment, is desirable. The object of this study was to develop a self-report scale to evaluate the traits of MTD, and to assess the scale's psychometric properties, diagnostic accuracy, and biological validity. Methods: A sample of 340 participants from clinical and community settings completed measures. Psychometric properties were assessed with factor analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of the MTD traits was compared against a semi-structured interview. Results: The questionnaire contained 22 items across three subscales, thus we termed it the 22-item Tarumi's Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self-Esteem (TACS-22). Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent validity were all satisfactory. Among patients with major depression, the area under the curve was 0.757 (sensitivity of 63.1% and specificity of 82.9%) and the score was positively correlated with plasma tryptophan. Conclusion: The TACS-22 possessed adequate psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy in an initial sample of Japanese adults. Additional research on its ability to support clinical assessment of MTD is warranted.
AB - Aim: Understanding premorbid personality is important, especially when considering treatment selection. Historically, the premorbid personality of patients with major depression in Japan was described as Shuchaku-kishitsu [similar to Typus melancholicus], as proposed by Shimoda in the 1930s. Since around 2000, there have been increased reports in Japan of young adults with depression who have had premorbid personality differing from the traditional type. In 2005, Tarumi termed this novel condition ‘dysthymic-type depression,’ and more recently the condition has been called Shin-gata/Gendai-gata Utsu-byo [modern-type depression (MTD)]. We recently developed a semi-structured diagnostic interview to evaluate MTD. Development of a tool that enables understanding of premorbid personality in a short time, especially at the early stage of treatment, is desirable. The object of this study was to develop a self-report scale to evaluate the traits of MTD, and to assess the scale's psychometric properties, diagnostic accuracy, and biological validity. Methods: A sample of 340 participants from clinical and community settings completed measures. Psychometric properties were assessed with factor analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of the MTD traits was compared against a semi-structured interview. Results: The questionnaire contained 22 items across three subscales, thus we termed it the 22-item Tarumi's Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self-Esteem (TACS-22). Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent validity were all satisfactory. Among patients with major depression, the area under the curve was 0.757 (sensitivity of 63.1% and specificity of 82.9%) and the score was positively correlated with plasma tryptophan. Conclusion: The TACS-22 possessed adequate psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy in an initial sample of Japanese adults. Additional research on its ability to support clinical assessment of MTD is warranted.
KW - dysthymic-type depression
KW - hikikomori
KW - major depressive disorder
KW - melancholic-type depression
KW - premorbid personality
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U2 - 10.1111/pcn.12842
DO - 10.1111/pcn.12842
M3 - Article
C2 - 30900331
AN - SCOPUS:85065179074
SN - 1323-1316
VL - 73
SP - 448
EP - 457
JO - Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
JF - Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
IS - 8
ER -