TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary glycomacropeptide supports growth and reduces the concentrations of phenylalanine in plasma and brain in a murine model of phenylketonuria
AU - Ney, Denise M.
AU - Hull, Angela K.
AU - Van Calcar, Sandra C.
AU - Liu, Xiaowen
AU - Etzel, Mark R.
PY - 2008/2
Y1 - 2008/2
N2 - Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder caused by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) that requires life-long adherence to a low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is uniquely suited to the nutritional management of PKU, because pure GMP contains no Phe. Our aim was to assess how ingestion of diets containing GMP support growth and affect the concentrations of amino acids in plasma and brains of mice with a deficiency of PAH, the Pahenu2 mouse (PKU mouse). Experiments were conducted in 4- to 6-wk-old wild-type (WT) (C57Bl/6) and PKU mice fed diets containing 20%protein fromcasein, amino acids, or GMP supplementedwith limiting indispensable amino acids (IAA). PKUmice fed the GMP diet showed gains in body weight, feed efficiency, and a protein efficiency ratio that did not differ from the amino acid diet. The concentrations of isoleucine and threonine in plasma showed a significant 2- to 3-fold increase for WT and PKU mice fed GMP compared with casein or amino acid diets, respectively. PKU mice fed the GMP diet had decreased concentrations of Phe in plasma (11% decrease) and in 5 regions of the brain (20 %decrease) compared with the amino acid diet. The concentration of Phe in the brain was inversely correlated with the concentrations of isoleucine, threonine, and valine in plasma (R2 = 0.74; <, 0.0001), suggesting competitive inhibition of Phe transport into the brain. In summary, PKU mice fed GMP showed comparable growth and reduced concentrations of Phe in plasma and the brain compared with an amino acid diet. These data support the use of GMP supplemented with IAA as an alternative source of dietary protein for individuals with PKU.
AB - Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder caused by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) that requires life-long adherence to a low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is uniquely suited to the nutritional management of PKU, because pure GMP contains no Phe. Our aim was to assess how ingestion of diets containing GMP support growth and affect the concentrations of amino acids in plasma and brains of mice with a deficiency of PAH, the Pahenu2 mouse (PKU mouse). Experiments were conducted in 4- to 6-wk-old wild-type (WT) (C57Bl/6) and PKU mice fed diets containing 20%protein fromcasein, amino acids, or GMP supplementedwith limiting indispensable amino acids (IAA). PKUmice fed the GMP diet showed gains in body weight, feed efficiency, and a protein efficiency ratio that did not differ from the amino acid diet. The concentrations of isoleucine and threonine in plasma showed a significant 2- to 3-fold increase for WT and PKU mice fed GMP compared with casein or amino acid diets, respectively. PKU mice fed the GMP diet had decreased concentrations of Phe in plasma (11% decrease) and in 5 regions of the brain (20 %decrease) compared with the amino acid diet. The concentration of Phe in the brain was inversely correlated with the concentrations of isoleucine, threonine, and valine in plasma (R2 = 0.74; <, 0.0001), suggesting competitive inhibition of Phe transport into the brain. In summary, PKU mice fed GMP showed comparable growth and reduced concentrations of Phe in plasma and the brain compared with an amino acid diet. These data support the use of GMP supplemented with IAA as an alternative source of dietary protein for individuals with PKU.
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U2 - 10.1093/jn/138.2.316
DO - 10.1093/jn/138.2.316
M3 - Article
C2 - 18203898
AN - SCOPUS:38949121264
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 138
SP - 316
EP - 322
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 2
ER -