TY - JOUR
T1 - Endovascular Venous Stenosis and Thrombosis Large Animal Model
T2 - Angiographic, Histological, and Biomechanical Characterizations
AU - Li, Ningcheng
AU - Ferracane, Jack
AU - Andeen, Nicole
AU - Lewis, Steven
AU - Woltjer, Randy
AU - Rugonyi, Sandra
AU - Jahangiri, Younes
AU - Uchida, Barry
AU - Farsad, Khashayar
AU - Kaufman, John A.
AU - Al-Hakim, Ramsey A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by the SIR Foundation under the SIR Pilot Research Grant titled “Biomechanics of Venous Interventions: In Vivo Assessment and Computational Modeling of Venous Tissue Response Utilizing an Animal Model.”
Funding Information:
N.L. reports grants from SIR Foundation , during the conduct of the study. S.R. is president of CirSym, Inc.—a startup company devoted to developing software related to cardiovascular disease. CirSym software or developments, however, were not employed in the current study. K.F. reports other from Auxetics, Inc.; personal fees from Cook Medical; personal fees from BTG; personal fees from Neuwave; grants and personal fees from Guerbet, LLC; personal fees from Genentech; personal fees from Dova Pharmaceuticals; personal fees from Eisai; personal fees from Inquis Medical, Inc.; and grants from W.L. Gore, outside the submitted work. In addition, K.F. has a patent “use of specific stent class for the management of venous stenosis” pending. J.A.K. reports grants from the NIH; personal fees from VIVA Physicians; other from Elsevier; other from Hatch Medical; other from VuMedi; other from Endoshape; personal fees from Cook Medical; other from Auxetics, Inc.; personal fees from Argon; and other from Modyx.ai, outside the submitted work. In addition, J.A.K. has a patent auxetic stents for managing venous stenosis pending. R.A.A.-H. reports grants from SIR Foundation, during the conduct of the study; other from Auxetics, Inc.; and personal fees from Penumbra, outside the submitted work. In addition, R.A.A.-H. has a patent auxetic stents for managing venous stenosis pending. None of the other authors have identified a conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 SIR
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - Purpose: To characterize an ovine endovascular radiofrequency (RF) ablation-based venous stenosis and thrombosis model for studying venous biomechanics and response to intervention. Materials and Methods: Unilateral short-segment (n = 2) or long-segment (n = 6) iliac vein stenoses were created in 8 adult sheep using an endovenous RF ablation technique. Angiographic assessment was performed at baseline, immediately after venous stenosis creation, and after 2-week (n = 6) or 3-month (n = 2) survival. Stenosed iliac veins and the contralateral healthy controls were harvested for histological and biomechanical assessment. Results: At follow-up, the short-segment RF ablation group showed stable stenosis without occlusion. The long-segment group showed complete venous occlusion/thrombosis with the formation of collateral veins. Stenosed veins showed significant wall thickening (0.28 vs 0.16 mm, P = .0175) and confluent collagen deposition compared with the healthy controls. Subacute nonadherent thrombi were apparent at 2 weeks, which were replaced by fibrous luminal obliteration with channels of recanalization at 3 months. Stenosed veins demonstrated increased longitudinal stiffness (448.5 ± 5.4 vs 314.6 ± 1.5 kPa, P < .0001) and decreased circumferential stiffness (140.8 ± 2.6 vs 246.0 ± 1.6 kPa, P < .0001) compared with the healthy controls. Conclusion: Endovenous RF ablation is a reliable technique for creating venous stenosis and thrombosis in a large animal model with histological and biomechanical attributes similar to those seen in humans. This platform can facilitate understanding of venous biomechanics and testing of venous-specific devices and interventions.
AB - Purpose: To characterize an ovine endovascular radiofrequency (RF) ablation-based venous stenosis and thrombosis model for studying venous biomechanics and response to intervention. Materials and Methods: Unilateral short-segment (n = 2) or long-segment (n = 6) iliac vein stenoses were created in 8 adult sheep using an endovenous RF ablation technique. Angiographic assessment was performed at baseline, immediately after venous stenosis creation, and after 2-week (n = 6) or 3-month (n = 2) survival. Stenosed iliac veins and the contralateral healthy controls were harvested for histological and biomechanical assessment. Results: At follow-up, the short-segment RF ablation group showed stable stenosis without occlusion. The long-segment group showed complete venous occlusion/thrombosis with the formation of collateral veins. Stenosed veins showed significant wall thickening (0.28 vs 0.16 mm, P = .0175) and confluent collagen deposition compared with the healthy controls. Subacute nonadherent thrombi were apparent at 2 weeks, which were replaced by fibrous luminal obliteration with channels of recanalization at 3 months. Stenosed veins demonstrated increased longitudinal stiffness (448.5 ± 5.4 vs 314.6 ± 1.5 kPa, P < .0001) and decreased circumferential stiffness (140.8 ± 2.6 vs 246.0 ± 1.6 kPa, P < .0001) compared with the healthy controls. Conclusion: Endovenous RF ablation is a reliable technique for creating venous stenosis and thrombosis in a large animal model with histological and biomechanical attributes similar to those seen in humans. This platform can facilitate understanding of venous biomechanics and testing of venous-specific devices and interventions.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.10.036
DO - 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.10.036
M3 - Article
C2 - 34915165
AN - SCOPUS:85123366030
SN - 1051-0443
VL - 33
SP - 255-261.e2
JO - Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology
JF - Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology
IS - 3
ER -