Engulfed by glia: Glial pruning in development, function, and injury across species

Stephan Raiders; Taeho Han; Nicole Scott-Hewitt; Sarah Kucenas; Deborah Lew; Mary A. Logan; Aakanksha Singhvi

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1660-20.2020

Engulfed by glia: Glial pruning in development, function, and injury across species

Stephan Raiders
, Taeho Han
, Nicole Scott-Hewitt
, Sarah Kucenas
, Deborah Lew
, Mary A. Logan
, Aakanksha Singhvi

Neurology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

40 Scopus citations

Abstract

Phagocytic activity of glial cells is essential for proper nervous system sculpting, maintenance of circuitry, and long-term brain health. Glial engulfment of apoptotic cells and superfluous connections ensures that neuronal connections are appropriately refined, while clearance of damaged projections and neurotoxic proteins in the mature brain protects against inflammatory insults. Comparative work across species and cell types in recent years highlights the striking conservation of pathways that govern glial engulfment. Many signaling cascades used during developmental pruning are re-employed in the mature brain to “fine tune” synaptic architecture and even clear neuronal debris following traumatic events. Moreover, the neuron-glia signaling events required to trigger and perform phagocytic responses are impressively conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates. This review offers a compare-and-contrast portrayal of recent findings that underscore the value of investigating glial engulfment mechanisms in a wide range of species and contexts.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	823-833
Number of pages	11
Journal	Journal of Neuroscience
Volume	41
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1660-20.2020
State	Published - Feb 3 2021

Funding

This work was supported by National Institute of Health T32T32AG066574 to SR (AS laboratory); Glenn Foundation for Medical Research and AFAR Junior Faculty Grant, Simons Foundation/SFARI Grant 488574, National Institute of Health R01 NS114222, and Anderson Foundation and the Marco J. Heidner Foundation Pilot Fund to A.S.; National Institutes of Health R21 NS107771, National Institutes of Health R01 NS117934, and Ken and Ginger Harrison Term Professor Award to M.A.L.; National Institutes of Health R01-EY026215 and Sigma-Xi grants in aid to D.L. (Silvia Finnemann laboratory); Pew Charitable Trusts, National Institute of Mental Health R01MH119349, and Burroughs Welcome Fund to T.H. (Anna Molofsky laboratory); National Institutes of Health-T32: Training in Molecular Neurodegeneration to N.S.-H. (Beth Stevens laboratory); and University of Virginia Brain Institute and National Institutes of Health R01 NS072212 to S.K. We apologize to those whose work was not cited, due to either space constraints or our oversight. This work was supported by National Institute of Health T32T32AG066574 to SR (AS laboratory); Glenn Foundation for Medical Research and AFAR Junior Faculty Grant, Simons Foundation/SFARI Grant 488574, National Institute of Health R01 NS114222, and Anderson Foundation and the Marco J. Heidner Foundation Pilot Fund to A.S.; National Institutes of Health R21 NS107771, National Institutes of Health R01 NS117934, and Ken and Ginger Harrison Term Professor Award to M.A.L.; National Institutes of Health R01-EY026215 and Sigma-Xi grants in aid to D.L. (Silvia Finnemann laboratory); Pew Charitable Trusts, National Institute of Mental Health R01MH119349, and Burroughs Welcome Fund to T.H. (Anna Molofsky laboratory); National Institutes of Health-T32: Training in Molecular Neurodegeneration to N.S.-H. (Beth Stevens laboratory); and University of Virginia Brain Institute and National Institutes of Health R01 NS072212 to S.K. We apologize to those whose work was not cited, due to either space constraints or our oversight. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Correspondence should be addressed to Aakanksha Singhvi at [email protected]. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1660-20.2020 Copyright © 2021 the authors

Funders	Funder number
Anderson Foundation
Marco J. Heidner Foundation
University of Virginia Brain Institute	R01 NS072212
Author National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health The Bev Hartig Huntington's Disease Foundation National Institutes of Health	T32T32AG066574, R21 NS107771, R01-EY026215
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke	R01NS117934
Burroughs Wellcome Fund
The Pew Charitable Trusts	R01MH119349
Glenn Foundation for Medical Research
American Foundation for Aging Research	488574, R01 NS114222

Keywords

Glia
Model organisms
Neuronal pruning
Phagocytosis

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Neuroscience

Access to Document

10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1660-20.2020

Cite this

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title = "Engulfed by glia: Glial pruning in development, function, and injury across species",

abstract = "Phagocytic activity of glial cells is essential for proper nervous system sculpting, maintenance of circuitry, and long-term brain health. Glial engulfment of apoptotic cells and superfluous connections ensures that neuronal connections are appropriately refined, while clearance of damaged projections and neurotoxic proteins in the mature brain protects against inflammatory insults. Comparative work across species and cell types in recent years highlights the striking conservation of pathways that govern glial engulfment. Many signaling cascades used during developmental pruning are re-employed in the mature brain to {\textquotedblleft}fine tune{\textquotedblright} synaptic architecture and even clear neuronal debris following traumatic events. Moreover, the neuron-glia signaling events required to trigger and perform phagocytic responses are impressively conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates. This review offers a compare-and-contrast portrayal of recent findings that underscore the value of investigating glial engulfment mechanisms in a wide range of species and contexts.",

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Engulfed by glia: Glial pruning in development, function, and injury across species

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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