TY - JOUR
T1 - Fatty infiltration of the cervical extensor musculature, cervical sagittal balance, and clinical outcomes
T2 - An analysis of operative adult cervical deformity patients
AU - International Spine Study Group
AU - Passias, Peter G.
AU - Segreto, Frank A.
AU - Horn, Samantha R.
AU - Lafage, Virginie
AU - Lafage, Renaud
AU - Smith, Justin S.
AU - Naessig, Sara
AU - Bortz, Cole
AU - Klineberg, Eric O.
AU - Diebo, Bassel G.
AU - Sciubba, Daniel M.
AU - Neuman, Brian J.
AU - Hamilton, D. Kojo
AU - Burton, Douglas C.
AU - Hart, Robert A.
AU - Schwab, Frank J.
AU - Bess, Shay
AU - Shaffrey, Christopher I.
AU - Nunley, Pierce
AU - Ames, Christopher P.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - Purpose: To assess preliminary associations between fatty-infiltration (FI) of cervical spine extensor musculature, cervical sagittal balance, and clinical outcomes in cervical deformity (CD) patients. Methods: Operative CD patients (C2-C7 Cobb > 10°, CL > 10°, cSVA > 4 cm, or CBVA > 25°) with pre-operative (BL) MRIs and 1-year (1Y) post-operative MRIs or CTs were assessed for fatty-infiltration of cervical extensor musculature, using dedicated imaging software at each C2-C7 intervertebral level and the apex of deformity (apex). FI was gauged as a ratio of fat-free-muscle-cross-sectional-area (FCSA) over total-muscle-CSA (TCSA), with lower ratio values indicating greater FI. BL-1Y associations between FI, sagittal alignment, and clinical outcomes were assessed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: 22 patients were included (Age 59.22, 71.4%F, BMI 29.2, CCI:0.75, Frailty: 0.43). BL deformity presentation: TS-CL: 29.0°, C2-C7 Sagittal Cobb:-1.6°, cSVA:30.4 mm. No correlations were observed between BL fatty-infiltration, sagittal alignment, frailty, or clinical outcomes (p > 0.05). Following surgical correction, C2-C7 (BL: 0.59 vs 1Y:0.67, p = 0.005) and apex (BL: 0.59 vs. 1Y: 0.66, p = 0.33) fatty-infiltration decreased. Achievement of lordotic curvature correlated with C2-C7 fatty infiltration reduction (Rs: 0.495, p < 0.05), and patients with residual postoperative TS-CL and cSVA malalignment were associated with greater apex fatty-infiltration (Rs: −0.565, −0.561; p < 0.05). C2-C7 FI improvement was associated with NRS back pain reduction (Rs: −0.630, p < 0.05), and greater apex fatty-infiltration at BL was associated with minor perioperative complication occurrence (Rs: 0.551, p = 0.014). Conclusions: Deformity correction and sagittal balance appear to influence the reestablishment of cervical muscle tone from C2-C7 and reduction of back pain for severely frail CD patients. This analysis helps to understand cervical extensor musculature's role amongst CD patients.
AB - Purpose: To assess preliminary associations between fatty-infiltration (FI) of cervical spine extensor musculature, cervical sagittal balance, and clinical outcomes in cervical deformity (CD) patients. Methods: Operative CD patients (C2-C7 Cobb > 10°, CL > 10°, cSVA > 4 cm, or CBVA > 25°) with pre-operative (BL) MRIs and 1-year (1Y) post-operative MRIs or CTs were assessed for fatty-infiltration of cervical extensor musculature, using dedicated imaging software at each C2-C7 intervertebral level and the apex of deformity (apex). FI was gauged as a ratio of fat-free-muscle-cross-sectional-area (FCSA) over total-muscle-CSA (TCSA), with lower ratio values indicating greater FI. BL-1Y associations between FI, sagittal alignment, and clinical outcomes were assessed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: 22 patients were included (Age 59.22, 71.4%F, BMI 29.2, CCI:0.75, Frailty: 0.43). BL deformity presentation: TS-CL: 29.0°, C2-C7 Sagittal Cobb:-1.6°, cSVA:30.4 mm. No correlations were observed between BL fatty-infiltration, sagittal alignment, frailty, or clinical outcomes (p > 0.05). Following surgical correction, C2-C7 (BL: 0.59 vs 1Y:0.67, p = 0.005) and apex (BL: 0.59 vs. 1Y: 0.66, p = 0.33) fatty-infiltration decreased. Achievement of lordotic curvature correlated with C2-C7 fatty infiltration reduction (Rs: 0.495, p < 0.05), and patients with residual postoperative TS-CL and cSVA malalignment were associated with greater apex fatty-infiltration (Rs: −0.565, −0.561; p < 0.05). C2-C7 FI improvement was associated with NRS back pain reduction (Rs: −0.630, p < 0.05), and greater apex fatty-infiltration at BL was associated with minor perioperative complication occurrence (Rs: 0.551, p = 0.014). Conclusions: Deformity correction and sagittal balance appear to influence the reestablishment of cervical muscle tone from C2-C7 and reduction of back pain for severely frail CD patients. This analysis helps to understand cervical extensor musculature's role amongst CD patients.
KW - CT
KW - Cervical deformity
KW - Cervical extensor musculature
KW - Fatty infiltration
KW - MRI
KW - Sagittal balance
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.044
DO - 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.12.044
M3 - Article
C2 - 31926664
AN - SCOPUS:85077658310
SN - 0967-5868
VL - 72
SP - 134
EP - 141
JO - Journal of Clinical Neuroscience
JF - Journal of Clinical Neuroscience
ER -