Frontal sinus fractures

The treatment paradigm for the management of frontal sinus fractures has been debated for many years. Aesthetic concerns combined with minimization of acute and delayed complications have led to controversies in treatment protocols and decisionmaking algorithms. Mismanagement of these injuries may lead to life-threatening complications such as meningitis, brain abscess, mucopyocele, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and osteomyelitis, which can present decades after the original injury. Unfortunately, most series reported in the literature have relatively small numbers of subjects with limited follow-up periods, further contributing to the continued uncertainty about how these injuries are best managed. Although the traditional treatment paradigms were conceived before the advent of modern endoscopic and advanced imaging techniques, new studies have incorporated this technology with resultant modifications.