Initial mercury evaporation from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu amalgams containing Pd

M. Koike; J. L. Ferracane; J. D. Adey; H. Fujii; T. Okabe

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.008

Initial mercury evaporation from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu amalgams containing Pd

M. Koike
, J. L. Ferracane
, J. D. Adey
, H. Fujii
, T. Okabe

School of Dentistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

This study examined the Hg evaporation during setting from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu alloy powders with and without Pd. Four series of alloy powders were fabricated to examine the effect on the Hg evaporation of the alloy compositions (all percentages in this report are weight percents): Pd (0-1.5), Cu (9.0-14.0), Ag (57.0-63.7), and Sn (24.9-29.5). These variations in composition produced alloy powders with γ-Ag₃Sn to β-Ag₄Sn ratios varying from 0.0 to 23.9. The total amounts of Hg released from 10min after trituration were measured from cylindrical specimens (4 x 8mm; n=4) at 37°C using a Hg vapor analyzer. The results were compared to those from commercial alloys (one high-Cu and one low-Cu alloy). All amalgams made from alloys containing 1.5% Pd exhibited lower Hg vapor release than any other amalgams, with the exception of the low-Cu amalgam. The results clearly showed that the alloy formulation affected the mercury evaporation behavior during setting of the resultant amalgams. A small addition of Pd to the alloy can produce amalgams with 50-60% less Hg vapor release during setting than a leading commercial high-Cu amalgam, Tytin.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3147-3153
Number of pages	7
Journal	Biomaterials
Volume	25
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.008
State	Published - Jul 2004

Funding

A portion of this study was supported by a research grant (RO1 DE 07644) funded through the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD. Also, we thank Mrs. Lucyna Carrasco for her assistance with measuring the Hg evaporation. We are grateful to Dr. David R. Treadwell, Special Metals Corporation, for producing experimental alloy powders for the present study. Finally, the authors appreciate editorial assistance with this paper by Mrs. Jeanne Santa Cruz.

Funders	Funder number
Author National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health The Bev Hartig Huntington's Disease Foundation National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research	R01DE007644

Keywords

Copper
Dental alloy
Dental amalgam
Mercury
Palladium

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biophysics
Bioengineering
Ceramics and Composites
Biomaterials
Mechanics of Materials

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10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.008

Cite this

@article{87331b3db02c479e9e67cc58db648d76,

title = "Initial mercury evaporation from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu amalgams containing Pd",

abstract = "This study examined the Hg evaporation during setting from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu alloy powders with and without Pd. Four series of alloy powders were fabricated to examine the effect on the Hg evaporation of the alloy compositions (all percentages in this report are weight percents): Pd (0-1.5), Cu (9.0-14.0), Ag (57.0-63.7), and Sn (24.9-29.5). These variations in composition produced alloy powders with γ-Ag3Sn to β-Ag4Sn ratios varying from 0.0 to 23.9. The total amounts of Hg released from 10min after trituration were measured from cylindrical specimens (4 x 8mm; n=4) at 37°C using a Hg vapor analyzer. The results were compared to those from commercial alloys (one high-Cu and one low-Cu alloy). All amalgams made from alloys containing 1.5\% Pd exhibited lower Hg vapor release than any other amalgams, with the exception of the low-Cu amalgam. The results clearly showed that the alloy formulation affected the mercury evaporation behavior during setting of the resultant amalgams. A small addition of Pd to the alloy can produce amalgams with 50-60\% less Hg vapor release during setting than a leading commercial high-Cu amalgam, Tytin.",

keywords = "Copper, Dental alloy, Dental amalgam, Mercury, Palladium",

author = "M. Koike and Ferracane, \{J. L.\} and Adey, \{J. D.\} and H. Fujii and T. Okabe",

note = "Funding Information: A portion of this study was supported by a research grant (RO1 DE 07644) funded through the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD. Also, we thank Mrs. Lucyna Carrasco for her assistance with measuring the Hg evaporation. We are grateful to Dr. David R. Treadwell, Special Metals Corporation, for producing experimental alloy powders for the present study. Finally, the authors appreciate editorial assistance with this paper by Mrs. Jeanne Santa Cruz.",

year = "2004",

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language = "English (US)",

volume = "25",

pages = "3147--3153",

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T1 - Initial mercury evaporation from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu amalgams containing Pd

AU - Koike, M.

AU - Ferracane, J. L.

AU - Adey, J. D.

AU - Fujii, H.

AU - Okabe, T.

N1 - Funding Information: A portion of this study was supported by a research grant (RO1 DE 07644) funded through the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD. Also, we thank Mrs. Lucyna Carrasco for her assistance with measuring the Hg evaporation. We are grateful to Dr. David R. Treadwell, Special Metals Corporation, for producing experimental alloy powders for the present study. Finally, the authors appreciate editorial assistance with this paper by Mrs. Jeanne Santa Cruz.

PY - 2004/7

Y1 - 2004/7

N2 - This study examined the Hg evaporation during setting from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu alloy powders with and without Pd. Four series of alloy powders were fabricated to examine the effect on the Hg evaporation of the alloy compositions (all percentages in this report are weight percents): Pd (0-1.5), Cu (9.0-14.0), Ag (57.0-63.7), and Sn (24.9-29.5). These variations in composition produced alloy powders with γ-Ag3Sn to β-Ag4Sn ratios varying from 0.0 to 23.9. The total amounts of Hg released from 10min after trituration were measured from cylindrical specimens (4 x 8mm; n=4) at 37°C using a Hg vapor analyzer. The results were compared to those from commercial alloys (one high-Cu and one low-Cu alloy). All amalgams made from alloys containing 1.5% Pd exhibited lower Hg vapor release than any other amalgams, with the exception of the low-Cu amalgam. The results clearly showed that the alloy formulation affected the mercury evaporation behavior during setting of the resultant amalgams. A small addition of Pd to the alloy can produce amalgams with 50-60% less Hg vapor release during setting than a leading commercial high-Cu amalgam, Tytin.

AB - This study examined the Hg evaporation during setting from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu alloy powders with and without Pd. Four series of alloy powders were fabricated to examine the effect on the Hg evaporation of the alloy compositions (all percentages in this report are weight percents): Pd (0-1.5), Cu (9.0-14.0), Ag (57.0-63.7), and Sn (24.9-29.5). These variations in composition produced alloy powders with γ-Ag3Sn to β-Ag4Sn ratios varying from 0.0 to 23.9. The total amounts of Hg released from 10min after trituration were measured from cylindrical specimens (4 x 8mm; n=4) at 37°C using a Hg vapor analyzer. The results were compared to those from commercial alloys (one high-Cu and one low-Cu alloy). All amalgams made from alloys containing 1.5% Pd exhibited lower Hg vapor release than any other amalgams, with the exception of the low-Cu amalgam. The results clearly showed that the alloy formulation affected the mercury evaporation behavior during setting of the resultant amalgams. A small addition of Pd to the alloy can produce amalgams with 50-60% less Hg vapor release during setting than a leading commercial high-Cu amalgam, Tytin.

KW - Copper

KW - Dental alloy

KW - Dental amalgam

KW - Mercury

KW - Palladium

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JF - Biomaterials

IS - 16

ER -

Initial mercury evaporation from experimental Ag-Sn-Cu amalgams containing Pd

Abstract

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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