ITUG, a sensitive and reliable measure of mobility

Arash Salarian; Fay B. Horak; Cris Zampieri; Patricia Carlson-Kuhta; John G. Nutt; Kamiar Aminian

doi:10.1109/TNSRE.2010.2047606

ITUG, a sensitive and reliable measure of mobility

Arash Salarian
, Fay B. Horak
, Cris Zampieri
, Patricia Carlson-Kuhta
, John G. Nutt
, Kamiar Aminian

Neurology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

430 Scopus citations

Abstract

Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a widely used clinical paradigm to evaluate balance and mobility. Although TUG includes several complex subcomponents, namely: sit-to-stand, gait, 180° turn, and turn-to-sit; the only outcome is the total time to perform the task. We have proposed an instrumented TUG, called iTUG, using portable inertial sensors to improve TUG in several ways: automatic detection and separation of subcomponents, detailed analysis of each one of them and a higher sensitivity than TUG. Twelve subjects in early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and 12 age matched control subjects were enrolled. Stopwatch measurements did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The iTUG, however, showed a significant difference in cadence between early PD and control subjects (111.1 ± 6.2 versus 120.4 ± 7.6 step/min, p < 0.006) as well as in angular velocity of arm-swing (123 ± 32.0 versus 174.0 ± 50.4° /s, p < 0.005), turning duration (2.18 ± 0.43 versus 1.79 ± 0.27 s, p < 0.023), and time to perform turn-to-sits (2.96 ± 0.68 versus 2.40 ± 0.33 s, p <0.023). By repeating the tests for a second time, the testretest reliability of iTUG was also evaluated. Among the subcomponents of iTUG, gait, turning, and turn-to-sit were the most reliable and sit-to-stand was the least reliable.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	5446357
Pages (from-to)	303-310
Number of pages	8
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
Volume	18
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2010.2047606
State	Published - Jun 1 2010

Funding

Manuscript received February 18, 2009; revised December 31, 2009; accepted January 25, 2010. First published April 12, 2010; current version published June 09, 2010. This work was supported by the Kinetics Foundation and the National Institutes of Health under Grant AG006457 and Grant DC04082.

Funders	Funder number
Author National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health The Bev Hartig Huntington's Disease Foundation National Institutes of Health	AG006457
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders R01DC012546 Xue Zhong Liu National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders R01DC012115 Xue Zhong Liu National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders R01DC014427 Ulrich Müller Peter G Barr-Gillespie National Institute on Deafnessand Other Communication Disorders R01DC005965 Ulrich Müller National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders	R01DC004082
Kinetics Foundation

Keywords

Balance
Gait
Mobility
Objective assessment
Wearable sensors

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Internal Medicine
General Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Rehabilitation

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10.1109/TNSRE.2010.2047606

Cite this

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title = "ITUG, a sensitive and reliable measure of mobility",

abstract = "Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a widely used clinical paradigm to evaluate balance and mobility. Although TUG includes several complex subcomponents, namely: sit-to-stand, gait, 180° turn, and turn-to-sit; the only outcome is the total time to perform the task. We have proposed an instrumented TUG, called iTUG, using portable inertial sensors to improve TUG in several ways: automatic detection and separation of subcomponents, detailed analysis of each one of them and a higher sensitivity than TUG. Twelve subjects in early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and 12 age matched control subjects were enrolled. Stopwatch measurements did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The iTUG, however, showed a significant difference in cadence between early PD and control subjects (111.1 ± 6.2 versus 120.4 ± 7.6 step/min, p < 0.006) as well as in angular velocity of arm-swing (123 ± 32.0 versus 174.0 ± 50.4° /s, p < 0.005), turning duration (2.18 ± 0.43 versus 1.79 ± 0.27 s, p < 0.023), and time to perform turn-to-sits (2.96 ± 0.68 versus 2.40 ± 0.33 s, p <0.023). By repeating the tests for a second time, the testretest reliability of iTUG was also evaluated. Among the subcomponents of iTUG, gait, turning, and turn-to-sit were the most reliable and sit-to-stand was the least reliable.",

keywords = "Balance, Gait, Mobility, Objective assessment, Wearable sensors",

author = "Arash Salarian and Horak, \{Fay B.\} and Cris Zampieri and Patricia Carlson-Kuhta and Nutt, \{John G.\} and Kamiar Aminian",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received February 18, 2009; revised December 31, 2009; accepted January 25, 2010. First published April 12, 2010; current version published June 09, 2010. This work was supported by the Kinetics Foundation and the National Institutes of Health under Grant AG006457 and Grant DC04082.",

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AU - Salarian, Arash

AU - Horak, Fay B.

AU - Zampieri, Cris

AU - Carlson-Kuhta, Patricia

AU - Nutt, John G.

AU - Aminian, Kamiar

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received February 18, 2009; revised December 31, 2009; accepted January 25, 2010. First published April 12, 2010; current version published June 09, 2010. This work was supported by the Kinetics Foundation and the National Institutes of Health under Grant AG006457 and Grant DC04082.

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N2 - Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a widely used clinical paradigm to evaluate balance and mobility. Although TUG includes several complex subcomponents, namely: sit-to-stand, gait, 180° turn, and turn-to-sit; the only outcome is the total time to perform the task. We have proposed an instrumented TUG, called iTUG, using portable inertial sensors to improve TUG in several ways: automatic detection and separation of subcomponents, detailed analysis of each one of them and a higher sensitivity than TUG. Twelve subjects in early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and 12 age matched control subjects were enrolled. Stopwatch measurements did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The iTUG, however, showed a significant difference in cadence between early PD and control subjects (111.1 ± 6.2 versus 120.4 ± 7.6 step/min, p < 0.006) as well as in angular velocity of arm-swing (123 ± 32.0 versus 174.0 ± 50.4° /s, p < 0.005), turning duration (2.18 ± 0.43 versus 1.79 ± 0.27 s, p < 0.023), and time to perform turn-to-sits (2.96 ± 0.68 versus 2.40 ± 0.33 s, p <0.023). By repeating the tests for a second time, the testretest reliability of iTUG was also evaluated. Among the subcomponents of iTUG, gait, turning, and turn-to-sit were the most reliable and sit-to-stand was the least reliable.

AB - Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a widely used clinical paradigm to evaluate balance and mobility. Although TUG includes several complex subcomponents, namely: sit-to-stand, gait, 180° turn, and turn-to-sit; the only outcome is the total time to perform the task. We have proposed an instrumented TUG, called iTUG, using portable inertial sensors to improve TUG in several ways: automatic detection and separation of subcomponents, detailed analysis of each one of them and a higher sensitivity than TUG. Twelve subjects in early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and 12 age matched control subjects were enrolled. Stopwatch measurements did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The iTUG, however, showed a significant difference in cadence between early PD and control subjects (111.1 ± 6.2 versus 120.4 ± 7.6 step/min, p < 0.006) as well as in angular velocity of arm-swing (123 ± 32.0 versus 174.0 ± 50.4° /s, p < 0.005), turning duration (2.18 ± 0.43 versus 1.79 ± 0.27 s, p < 0.023), and time to perform turn-to-sits (2.96 ± 0.68 versus 2.40 ± 0.33 s, p <0.023). By repeating the tests for a second time, the testretest reliability of iTUG was also evaluated. Among the subcomponents of iTUG, gait, turning, and turn-to-sit were the most reliable and sit-to-stand was the least reliable.

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KW - Gait

KW - Mobility

KW - Objective assessment

KW - Wearable sensors

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VL - 18

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JO - IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering

JF - IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering

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M1 - 5446357

ER -

ITUG, a sensitive and reliable measure of mobility

Abstract

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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