TY - JOUR
T1 - Localization of the locus coeruleus in the mouse brain
AU - Schmidt, Katharina
AU - Bari, Bilal
AU - Ralle, Martina
AU - Washington-Hughes, Clorissa
AU - Muchenditsi, Abigael
AU - Maxey, Evan
AU - Lutsenko, Svetlana
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Abigael Muchenditsi for the maintenance of the mouse colony. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number: DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Olga Antipova and Dr. Stefan Vogt for user support and assistance at the Advanced Photon Source. This work was funded by the National Institute of Health grant 2R01GM101502 to SL.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Journal of Visualized Experiments.
PY - 2019/3
Y1 - 2019/3
N2 - The locus coeruleus (LC) is a major hub of norepinephrine producing neurons that modulate a number of physiological functions. Structural or functional abnormalities of LC impact several brain regions including cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum and may contribute to depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, as well as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. These disorders are often associated with metal misbalance, but the role of metals in LC is only partially understood. Morphologic and functional studies of LC are needed to better understand the human pathologies and contribution of metals. Mice are a widely used experimental model, but the mouse LC is small (~0.3 mm diameter) and hard to identify for a non-expert. Here, we describe a step-by-step immunohistochemistry-based protocol to localize the LC in the mouse brain. Dopamine-Β-hydroxylase (DBH), and alternatively, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), both enzymes highly expressed in the LC, are used as immunohistochemical markers in brain slices. Sections adjacent to LC-containing sections can be used for further analysis, including histology for morphological studies, metabolic testing, as well as metal imaging by X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM).
AB - The locus coeruleus (LC) is a major hub of norepinephrine producing neurons that modulate a number of physiological functions. Structural or functional abnormalities of LC impact several brain regions including cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum and may contribute to depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, as well as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. These disorders are often associated with metal misbalance, but the role of metals in LC is only partially understood. Morphologic and functional studies of LC are needed to better understand the human pathologies and contribution of metals. Mice are a widely used experimental model, but the mouse LC is small (~0.3 mm diameter) and hard to identify for a non-expert. Here, we describe a step-by-step immunohistochemistry-based protocol to localize the LC in the mouse brain. Dopamine-Β-hydroxylase (DBH), and alternatively, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), both enzymes highly expressed in the LC, are used as immunohistochemical markers in brain slices. Sections adjacent to LC-containing sections can be used for further analysis, including histology for morphological studies, metabolic testing, as well as metal imaging by X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM).
KW - ATP7A
KW - ATP7B
KW - Brain
KW - Copper
KW - DBH
KW - Immunohistochemistry
KW - Issue 145
KW - Locus coeruleus
KW - Metals
KW - Neuroscience
KW - Norepinephrine
KW - TH
KW - X-ray fluorescence microscopy
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85063712783&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3791/58652
DO - 10.3791/58652
M3 - Article
C2 - 30907876
AN - SCOPUS:85063712783
SN - 1940-087X
VL - 2019
JO - Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE
JF - Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE
IS - 145
M1 - e58652
ER -