Measuring DNA mechanics on the genome scale

Aakash Basu, Dmitriy G. Bobrovnikov, Zan Qureshi, Tunc Kayikcioglu, Thuy T.M. Ngo, Anand Ranjan, Sebastian Eustermann, Basilio Cieza, Michael T. Morgan, Miroslav Hejna, H. Tomas Rube, Karl Peter Hopfner, Cynthia Wolberger, Jun S. Song, Taekjip Ha

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

60 Scopus citations

Abstract

Mechanical deformations of DNA such as bending are ubiquitous and have been implicated in diverse cellular functions1. However, the lack of high-throughput tools to measure the mechanical properties of DNA has limited our understanding of how DNA mechanics influence chromatin transactions across the genome. Here we develop ‘loop-seq’—a high-throughput assay to measure the propensity for DNA looping—and determine the intrinsic cyclizabilities of 270,806 50-base-pair DNA fragments that span Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome V, other genomic regions, and random sequences. We found sequence-encoded regions of unusually low bendability within nucleosome-depleted regions upstream of transcription start sites (TSSs). Low bendability of linker DNA inhibits nucleosome sliding into the linker by the chromatin remodeller INO80, which explains how INO80 can define nucleosome-depleted regions in the absence of other factors2. Chromosome-wide, nucleosomes were characterized by high DNA bendability near dyads and low bendability near linkers. This contrast increases for deeper gene-body nucleosomes but disappears after random substitution of synonymous codons, which suggests that the evolution of codon choice has been influenced by DNA mechanics around gene-body nucleosomes. Furthermore, we show that local DNA mechanics affect transcription through TSS-proximal nucleosomes. Overall, this genome-scale map of DNA mechanics indicates a ‘mechanical code’ with broad functional implications.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)462-467
Number of pages6
JournalNature
Volume589
Issue number7842
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 21 2021
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General

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