Monogenic IL-1 mediated autoinflammatory and immunodeficiency syndromes: Finding the right balance in response to danger signals

Cailin Henderson, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

36 Scopus citations

Abstract

Introduction: Interleukin-1 was the first cytokine identified and is a powerful inducer of fever and inflammation. The biologically active receptor for IL-1, shares signaling pathways with some pathogen recognition receptors, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which early on suggested an important role in innate immune function. Discussion: The discovery that some intracellular "danger receptors", the NOD like receptors (NLRs) can assemble to form multimolecular platforms, the inflammasomes, that not only sense intracellular danger but also activate IL-1β, has provided the molecular basis for the integration of IL-1 as an early response mediator in danger recognition. The critical role of balancing IL-1 production and signaling in human disease has recently been demonstrated in rare human monogenic diseases with mutations that affect the meticulous control of IL-1 production, release and signaling by leading to decreased or increased TLR/IL-1 signaling. In diseases of decreased TLR/IL-1 signaling (IRAK-4 and MyD88 deficiencies) patients are at risk for infections with gram positive organisms; and in diseases of increased signaling, patients develop systemic autoinflammatory diseases (cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), and deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA)). Conclusion: Monogenic defects in a number of rare diseases that affect the balance of TLR/IL-1 signaling have provided us with opportunities to study the systemic effects of IL-1 in human diseases. The molecular defects in CAPS and DIRA provided a therapeutic rationale for targeting IL-1 and the impressive clinical results from IL-1 blocking therapies have undoubtedly confirmed the pivotal role of IL-1 in human disease and spurred the exploration of modifying IL-1 signaling in a number of genetically complex common human diseases.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)210-222
Number of pages13
JournalClinical Immunology
Volume135
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2010
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Anakinra
  • Autoinflammatory diseases
  • DIRA
  • Genetic disease
  • IL-1
  • IL-1Ra
  • IL1RN
  • NLRP3
  • NOD like receptors
  • NOMID/CINCA
  • Neonatal disorder

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Immunology

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