Abstract
Facial palsy, a disorder in which movement of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve are negatively impacted, is a devastating condition with functional and aesthetic consequences and is often associated with depression, social isolation, and poor quality of life. Facial expression plays an essential role in human communication by allowing us to convey emotions and provide nonverbal cues. Facial asymmetry from facial palsy may lead to displays of incongruent emotional expression, which may be misinterpreted and make social interaction more challenging. Functionally, facial palsy may significantly impair eyelid closure secondary to paralytic lagophthalmos, result in collapse of the external nasal valve causing nasal obstruction, and impair oral competence and speech. Reanimation of facial expression may be achieved by restoring continuity of the nerve-muscle network using techniques for nerve repair, by facilitating neurotization of the distal facial nerve, or via techniques to restore muscular action through muscle transfer. In this chapter, we provide a framework of options for motor nerve reconstruction of the facial nerve to restore form and function. Discussion of repair options is organized by defect size and extent and varies from primary repair of the transected nerve to cable graft repair of the resected nerve, different nerve transfers, and free muscle transfer for reanimation of the paralyzed face.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Advancements and Innovations in OMFS, ENT, and Facial Plastic Surgery |
Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
Pages | 441-459 |
Number of pages | 19 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783031320996 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783031320989 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 1 2023 |
Keywords
- Cable grafting
- Cross facial nerve graft
- Facial nerve
- Facial palsy
- Facial palsy
- Facial reanimation
- Facial reanimation
- Facial rehabilitation
- Gracilis free muscle transfer
- Masseteric nerve transfer
- Motor nerve reconstruction
- Nerve transfer
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine
- General Dentistry