Overuse syndromes of the lower extremity

Overuse injuries of the lower extremity represent a frequent, significant problem. This article discusses management of the most common overuse disorders: anterior tibialis strain, medial tibial stress syndrome, compartment syndrome, stress fractures, and Achilles tendinitis. These injuries often are the culmination of a process (repetitive stress) rather than the result of a single event. Grading injuries on a scale of 1 to 4 according to severity can help determine the correct treatment. The primary treatment goal is to reduce inflammation through icing, rest, and appropriate use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. For a safe return to pain-free activity, additional measures are required to correct biomechanical problems, educate the athlete on training techniques, and begin a gradual reconditioning program.