TY - JOUR
T1 - Personalized 3D-printed anthropomorphic whole-body phantom irradiated by protons, photons, and neutrons
AU - Tillery, Hunter
AU - Moore, Meagan
AU - Gallagher, Kyle J.
AU - Taddei, Phillip J.
AU - Leuro, Erick
AU - Argento, David
AU - Moffitt, Gregory
AU - Kranz, Marissa
AU - Carey, Margaret
AU - Heymsfield, Steven B.
AU - Newhauser, Wayne D.
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Jason Crowe and Vincent Celluci for their help with 3D printing of the phantom and Cathlin Disotell for other technical assistance. We also thank the UW Medical Cyclotron Facility and SCCA Proton Therapy Center for providing beam time for this experiment. This research was funded in part by a grant from the Bella Bowman Foundation and by an Undergraduate Research Grant from the Discover Undergraduate Research Program at Louisiana State University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - The objective of this study was to confirm the feasibility of three-dimensionally-printed (3D-printed), personalized whole-body anthropomorphic phantoms for radiation dose measurements in a variety of charged and uncharged particle radiation fields. We 3D-printed a personalized whole-body phantom of an adult female with a height of 154.8 cm, mass of 90.7 kg, and body mass index of 37.8 kg/m2. The phantom comprised of a hollow plastic shell filled with water and included a watertight access conduit for positioning dosimeters. It is compatible with a wide variety of radiation dosimeters, including ionization chambers that are suitable for uncharged and charged particles. Its mass was 6.8 kg empty and 98 kg when filled with water. Watertightness and mechanical robustness were confirmed after multiple experiments and transportations between institutions. The phantom was irradiated to the cranium with therapeutic beams of 170-MeV protons, 6-MV photons, and fast neutrons. Radiation absorbed dose was measured from the cranium to the pelvis along the longitudinal central axis of the phantom. The dose measurements were made using established dosimetry protocols and well-characterized instruments. For the therapeutic environments considered in this study, stray radiation from intracranial treatment beams was the lowest for proton therapy, intermediate for photon therapy, and highest for neutron therapy. An illustrative example set of measurements at the location of the thyroid for a square field of 5.3 cm per side resulted in 0.09, 0.59, and 1.93 cGy/Gy from proton, photon, and neutron beams, respectively. In this study, we found that 3D-printed personalized phantoms are feasible, inherently reproducible, and well-suited for therapeutic radiation measurements. The measurement methodologies we developed enabled the direct comparison of radiation exposures from neutron, proton, and photon beam irradiations.
AB - The objective of this study was to confirm the feasibility of three-dimensionally-printed (3D-printed), personalized whole-body anthropomorphic phantoms for radiation dose measurements in a variety of charged and uncharged particle radiation fields. We 3D-printed a personalized whole-body phantom of an adult female with a height of 154.8 cm, mass of 90.7 kg, and body mass index of 37.8 kg/m2. The phantom comprised of a hollow plastic shell filled with water and included a watertight access conduit for positioning dosimeters. It is compatible with a wide variety of radiation dosimeters, including ionization chambers that are suitable for uncharged and charged particles. Its mass was 6.8 kg empty and 98 kg when filled with water. Watertightness and mechanical robustness were confirmed after multiple experiments and transportations between institutions. The phantom was irradiated to the cranium with therapeutic beams of 170-MeV protons, 6-MV photons, and fast neutrons. Radiation absorbed dose was measured from the cranium to the pelvis along the longitudinal central axis of the phantom. The dose measurements were made using established dosimetry protocols and well-characterized instruments. For the therapeutic environments considered in this study, stray radiation from intracranial treatment beams was the lowest for proton therapy, intermediate for photon therapy, and highest for neutron therapy. An illustrative example set of measurements at the location of the thyroid for a square field of 5.3 cm per side resulted in 0.09, 0.59, and 1.93 cGy/Gy from proton, photon, and neutron beams, respectively. In this study, we found that 3D-printed personalized phantoms are feasible, inherently reproducible, and well-suited for therapeutic radiation measurements. The measurement methodologies we developed enabled the direct comparison of radiation exposures from neutron, proton, and photon beam irradiations.
KW - anthropomorphic phantoms
KW - neutron therapy
KW - photon therapy
KW - proton therapy
KW - stray radiation dose
KW - three-dimensional printing
KW - whole-body
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U2 - 10.1088/2057-1976/ac4d04
DO - 10.1088/2057-1976/ac4d04
M3 - Article
C2 - 35045408
AN - SCOPUS:85123969096
SN - 2057-1976
VL - 8
JO - Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express
JF - Biomedical Physics and Engineering Express
IS - 2
M1 - 027004
ER -