TY - JOUR
T1 - Physiologic diversity and development of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
AU - Tu, Daniel C.
AU - Zhang, Dongyang
AU - Demas, Jay
AU - Slutsky, Elon B.
AU - Provencio, Ignacio
AU - Holy, Timothy E.
AU - Van Gelder, Russell N.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank J. Guo and R. Hendrickson for assistance with MEA analysis software; P.D. Lukasiewicz, B.T. Sagdullaev, R.O. Wong, E.D. Eggers, and J. de Brecht for aid with electrophysiology and pharmacology; L.A. Owens for animal care; G. Gusdorf for MEA hardware assistance; and M.A. Brantley for space support. D.C.T. was supported by NIH training grant T32 EY13360. D.C.T. and D.Z. were supported by the Medical Scientist Training Program of Washington University Medical School. R.N.V.G. was supported by the Culpeper Physician-Scientist Award of the Rockefeller Brothers Foundation, a grant from the McDonnell Foundation for Systems Neuroscience, and NIH R01-EY14988.
PY - 2005/12/22
Y1 - 2005/12/22
N2 - Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) mediate numerous nonvisual phenomena, including entrainment of the circadian clock to light-dark cycles, pupillary light responsiveness, and light-regulated hormone release. We have applied multielectrode array recording to characterize murine ipRGCs. We find that all ipRGC photosensitivity is melanopsin dependent. At least three populations of ipRGCs are present in the postnatal day 8 (P8) murine retina: slow onset, sensitive, fast off (type I); slow onset, insensitive, slow off (type II); and rapid onset, sensitive, very slow off (type III). Recordings from adult rd/rd retinas reveal cells comparable to postnatal types II and III. Recordings from early postnatal retinas demonstrate intrinsic light responses from P0. Early light responses are transient and insensitive but by P6 show increased photosensitivity and persistence. These results demonstrate that ipRGCs are the first light-sensitive cells in the retina and suggest previously unappreciated diversity in this cell population.
AB - Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) mediate numerous nonvisual phenomena, including entrainment of the circadian clock to light-dark cycles, pupillary light responsiveness, and light-regulated hormone release. We have applied multielectrode array recording to characterize murine ipRGCs. We find that all ipRGC photosensitivity is melanopsin dependent. At least three populations of ipRGCs are present in the postnatal day 8 (P8) murine retina: slow onset, sensitive, fast off (type I); slow onset, insensitive, slow off (type II); and rapid onset, sensitive, very slow off (type III). Recordings from adult rd/rd retinas reveal cells comparable to postnatal types II and III. Recordings from early postnatal retinas demonstrate intrinsic light responses from P0. Early light responses are transient and insensitive but by P6 show increased photosensitivity and persistence. These results demonstrate that ipRGCs are the first light-sensitive cells in the retina and suggest previously unappreciated diversity in this cell population.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.031
DO - 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.031
M3 - Article
C2 - 16364902
AN - SCOPUS:29144490201
SN - 0896-6273
VL - 48
SP - 987
EP - 999
JO - Neuron
JF - Neuron
IS - 6
ER -