Placental and fetal growth and development in late rat gestation is dependent on adrenomedullin

Andrea G. Witlin, Zheng Yin Li, Sunil J. Wimalawansa, James J. Grady, Marjorie R. Grafe, Chandrasekhar Yallampalli

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

57 Scopus citations

Abstract

Adrenomedullin is a potent, endogenous vasodilator peptide synthesized and secreted by diverse locations such as adrenal glands, lungs, kidneys, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelium. Homozygous deletion of the adrenomedullin gene is embryonic lethal. We hypothesized that adrenomedullin has an important role in placental and fetal growth and development in rat pregnancy. The current study evaluated maternal systolic blood pressure, litter size, placental and pup weight, pup mortality, and placental pathology in pregnant rats following continuous in utero exposure to an adrenomedullin antagonist. Osmotic minipumps were inserted on Gestational Day 14 to continuously deliver either adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin antagonist, or vehicle control. Systolic blood pressure was recorded daily. Pregnant rats were killed on Gestational Day 15-18, 20, and/or 22 to evaluate placental development and fetal growth. The placentas were graded for the presence of necrosis in the decidua and fetal labyrinth as well as fetal vessel development in the labyrinth. A trend toward increased systolic blood pressure was noted between Gestational Days 17 and 20 in mothers treated with adrenomedullin antagonist, but the difference was not statistically significant. Antagonism of adrenomedullin function during rat pregnancy caused fetal growth restriction, decreased placental size, gross necrosis of placental margins and amniotic membranes, histologically deficient fetal vessel development in the labyrinth, and fetal edema. Adrenomedullin contributes to angiogenesis, functions as a growth factor, and helps regulate vascular tone during rat gestation.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1025-1031
Number of pages7
JournalBiology of reproduction
Volume67
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2002
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Developmental biology
  • Embryo
  • Placenta
  • Pregnancy

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Cell Biology

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Placental and fetal growth and development in late rat gestation is dependent on adrenomedullin'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this