TY - JOUR
T1 - Predicting psychosis risk using a specific measure of cognitive control
T2 - A 12-month longitudinal study
AU - Guo, Joyce Y.
AU - Niendam, Tara A.
AU - Auther, Andrea M.
AU - Carrión, Ricardo E.
AU - Cornblatt, Barbara A.
AU - Ragland, J. Daniel
AU - Adelsheim, Steven
AU - Calkins, Roderick
AU - Sale, Tamara G.
AU - Taylor, Stephan F.
AU - McFarlane, William R.
AU - Carter, Cameron S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Cambridge University Press.
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - Background Identifying risk factors of individuals in a clinical-high-risk state for psychosis are vital to prevention and early intervention efforts. Among prodromal abnormalities, cognitive functioning has shown intermediate levels of impairment in CHR relative to first-episode psychosis and healthy controls, highlighting a potential role as a risk factor for transition to psychosis and other negative clinical outcomes. The current study used the AX-CPT, a brief 15-min computerized task, to determine whether cognitive control impairments in CHR at baseline could predict clinical status at 12-month follow-up. Methods Baseline AX-CPT data were obtained from 117 CHR individuals participating in two studies, the Early Detection, Intervention, and Prevention of Psychosis Program (EDIPPP) and the Understanding Early Psychosis Programs (EP) and used to predict clinical status at 12-month follow-up. At 12 months, 19 individuals converted to a first episode of psychosis (CHR-C), 52 remitted (CHR-R), and 46 had persistent sub-threshold symptoms (CHR-P). Binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to test prediction models. Results Baseline AX-CPT performance (d-prime context) was less impaired in CHR-R compared to CHR-P and CHR-C patient groups. AX-CPT predictive validity was robust (0.723) for discriminating converters v. non-converters, and even greater (0.771) when predicting CHR three subgroups. Conclusions These longitudinal outcome data indicate that cognitive control deficits as measured by AX-CPT d-prime context are a strong predictor of clinical outcome in CHR individuals. The AX-CPT is brief, easily implemented and cost-effective measure that may be valuable for large-scale prediction efforts.
AB - Background Identifying risk factors of individuals in a clinical-high-risk state for psychosis are vital to prevention and early intervention efforts. Among prodromal abnormalities, cognitive functioning has shown intermediate levels of impairment in CHR relative to first-episode psychosis and healthy controls, highlighting a potential role as a risk factor for transition to psychosis and other negative clinical outcomes. The current study used the AX-CPT, a brief 15-min computerized task, to determine whether cognitive control impairments in CHR at baseline could predict clinical status at 12-month follow-up. Methods Baseline AX-CPT data were obtained from 117 CHR individuals participating in two studies, the Early Detection, Intervention, and Prevention of Psychosis Program (EDIPPP) and the Understanding Early Psychosis Programs (EP) and used to predict clinical status at 12-month follow-up. At 12 months, 19 individuals converted to a first episode of psychosis (CHR-C), 52 remitted (CHR-R), and 46 had persistent sub-threshold symptoms (CHR-P). Binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to test prediction models. Results Baseline AX-CPT performance (d-prime context) was less impaired in CHR-R compared to CHR-P and CHR-C patient groups. AX-CPT predictive validity was robust (0.723) for discriminating converters v. non-converters, and even greater (0.771) when predicting CHR three subgroups. Conclusions These longitudinal outcome data indicate that cognitive control deficits as measured by AX-CPT d-prime context are a strong predictor of clinical outcome in CHR individuals. The AX-CPT is brief, easily implemented and cost-effective measure that may be valuable for large-scale prediction efforts.
KW - AX-CPT
KW - clinical-high-risk for psychosis
KW - cognitive impairments
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85072180522&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85072180522&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S0033291719002332
DO - 10.1017/S0033291719002332
M3 - Article
C2 - 31507256
AN - SCOPUS:85072180522
SN - 0033-2917
VL - 50
SP - 2230
EP - 2239
JO - Psychological Medicine
JF - Psychological Medicine
IS - 13
ER -