TY - JOUR
T1 - Prenatal Development and Adolescent Obesity
T2 - Two Distinct Pathways to Diabetes in Adulthood
AU - Boone-Heinonen, Janne
AU - Sacks, Rebecca M.
AU - Takemoto, Erin E.
AU - Hooker, Elizabeth R.
AU - DIeckmann, Nathan F.
AU - Harrod, Curtis S.
AU - Thornburg, Kent L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research uses data from Add Health, a program project designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris, and is funded by a grant, no. P01-HD31921, from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 17 other agencies. Special acknowledgment is due to Ronald R. Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Persons interested in obtaining data files from Add Health should contact Add Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, 206W. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516–2524 (addhealth_contracts@ unc.edu). No direct support was received from grant no. P01-HD31921 for this analysis. The project described was supported by the Office of Research in Women’s Health and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Oregon, BIRCWH Award Number K12HD043488 ( J.B.H.), and National Institute of Digestive Disorders and Nutrition K01DK102857 ( J.B.H.). J.B.H. conceived the study, supervised all aspects of the study, and drafted the manuscripts. R.M.S. and E.T. performed statistical analysis. N.F.D. assisted with statistical analysis and interpretation of statistical findings and critically reviewed the manuscript. E.R.H., C.S.H., and K.L.T. assisted with the interpretation of study findings and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and take responsibility for the contents of the article. An abstract of this study was presented at the American Heart Association Epidemiology/Lifestyle meeting in Portland, OR, on March 8, 2017.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2018.
PY - 2018/4
Y1 - 2018/4
N2 - Objective: Higher body-mass index (BMI) and lower birth weight (BW) are associated with elevated risk of diabetes in adulthood, but the extent to which they compose two distinct pathways is unclear. Methods: We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a cohort of adolescents (1994-1995) followed for 14 years over four waves into adulthood (n = 13,413). Sex-stratified path analysis was used to examine pathways from BW [kg; linear (BW) and quadratic (BW2)] to latent trajectories in BMI from adolescence to adulthood to prevalent diabetes or prediabetes (pre/diabetes) in adulthood, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Two pathways from BW to pre/diabetes were characterized: one from higher BW to elevated BMI and pre/diabetes and a second from lower BW, independent of BMI. In the BMI-independent pathway, greater BW was associated with marginally lower odds of pre/diabetes in women, but not men. Girls born at lower and higher BW exhibited elevated BMI in adolescence [coeff (95% CI): BW: -2.1 (-4.1, -0.05); BW2: 0.43 (0.09, 0.76)]; higher BW predicted marginally faster BMI gain and higher adolescent BMI and faster BMI gain were associated with pre/diabetes [coeff (95% CI): BMI intercept: 0.09 (0.06, 0.11); BMI slope: 0.11 (0.07, 0.15)]. In boys, BW was weakly associated with BMI intercept and slope; BMI slope, but not BMI intercept, was positively associated with pre/diabetes [coeff (95% CI): 0.29 (0.19, 0.39)]. Conclusions: Findings suggest that in girls, slowing BMI gain is critical for diabetes prevention, yet it may not address distinct pathology stemming from early life.
AB - Objective: Higher body-mass index (BMI) and lower birth weight (BW) are associated with elevated risk of diabetes in adulthood, but the extent to which they compose two distinct pathways is unclear. Methods: We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a cohort of adolescents (1994-1995) followed for 14 years over four waves into adulthood (n = 13,413). Sex-stratified path analysis was used to examine pathways from BW [kg; linear (BW) and quadratic (BW2)] to latent trajectories in BMI from adolescence to adulthood to prevalent diabetes or prediabetes (pre/diabetes) in adulthood, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Two pathways from BW to pre/diabetes were characterized: one from higher BW to elevated BMI and pre/diabetes and a second from lower BW, independent of BMI. In the BMI-independent pathway, greater BW was associated with marginally lower odds of pre/diabetes in women, but not men. Girls born at lower and higher BW exhibited elevated BMI in adolescence [coeff (95% CI): BW: -2.1 (-4.1, -0.05); BW2: 0.43 (0.09, 0.76)]; higher BW predicted marginally faster BMI gain and higher adolescent BMI and faster BMI gain were associated with pre/diabetes [coeff (95% CI): BMI intercept: 0.09 (0.06, 0.11); BMI slope: 0.11 (0.07, 0.15)]. In boys, BW was weakly associated with BMI intercept and slope; BMI slope, but not BMI intercept, was positively associated with pre/diabetes [coeff (95% CI): 0.29 (0.19, 0.39)]. Conclusions: Findings suggest that in girls, slowing BMI gain is critical for diabetes prevention, yet it may not address distinct pathology stemming from early life.
KW - adolescents
KW - birth weight
KW - body mass index
KW - developmental origins
KW - obesity
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U2 - 10.1089/chi.2017.0290
DO - 10.1089/chi.2017.0290
M3 - Article
C2 - 29624412
AN - SCOPUS:85045835534
SN - 2153-2168
VL - 14
SP - 173
EP - 181
JO - Obesity and Weight Management
JF - Obesity and Weight Management
IS - 3
ER -