Prognostic Factors in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Histologic and Molecular Correlates

James P. Solomon, Donna E. Hansel

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

Histologic characterization of urothelial carcinoma remains the most important factor for determining a patient's prognosis and treatment regimen. However, challenges remain in accurately staging and grading many tumors, and substaging remains controversial. Recently, significant insight has been gained into the molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer that may aid in further characterizing urothelial carcinoma. Many molecular biomarkers have been clinically validated, and some have been shown to provide more prognostic information than histology alone. In addition, a subset of these markers may even represent targets for molecular therapy. Here, we review histologic staging and grading of urothelial carcinoma, as well as discuss many of the clinically relevant molecular markers. As each urothelial carcinoma likely represents a unique biological entity, the need for complete histologic and molecular characterization of these tumors is necessary as we enter the age of personalized medicine.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)102-112
Number of pages11
JournalAdvances in Anatomic Pathology
Volume22
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 14 2015

Keywords

  • ancillary tests
  • bladder cancer
  • molecular biomarkers
  • urothelial carcinoma

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Anatomy
  • Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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