TY - JOUR
T1 - Proteinase inhibitor 9, an inhibitor of granzyme B-mediated apoptosis, is a primary estrogen-inducible gene in human liver cells
AU - Kanamori, Hiroshi
AU - Krieg, Sacha
AU - Mao, Chengjian
AU - Di Pippo, Vincent A.
AU - Wang, Stanley
AU - Zajchowski, Deborah A.
AU - Shapiro, David J.
PY - 2000/2/25
Y1 - 2000/2/25
N2 - Although liver is an estrogen target tissue, the number of hepatic genes known to be directly induced by estrogen is very small. We identified proteinase inhibitor 9, or PI-9, as being rapidly and strongly induced by estrogen in an estrogen receptor-positive human liver cell line (HepG2-ER7). Since PI-9 mRNA was also induced by estrogen in a human liver biopsy sample, PI-9 is a genuine estrogen-regulated human gene. PI-9 is a potent inhibitor of granzyme B and of granzyme B-mediated apoptosis. Estrogens induced PI-9 mRNA within 2 h, PI-9 mRNA levels reached a plateau of 30-40-fold induction in 4 h, and induction was not blocked by cycloheximide, indicating that induction of PI-9 mRNA is a primary response. The antiestrogen trans- hydroxytamoxifen was a partial agonist for PI-9 mRNA induction, whereas the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 was a pure antagonist. Western blot analysis showed that estrogen strongly increases PI-9 protein levels. Inhibition of transcription with actinomycin D resulted in identical rates of PI-9 mRNA decay in the presence and absence of estrogen. We isolated genomic clones containing the PI-9 promoter region, identified a putative transcription start site, and carried out transient transfections of PI-9-luciferase reporter gene constructs. The estrogen, moxestrol, elicited a robust induction from the PI-9-luciferase reporter. Mutational inactivation of three potential imperfect estrogen response elements in the PI-9 5'-flanking region had no effect on moxestrol estrogen receptor induction.
AB - Although liver is an estrogen target tissue, the number of hepatic genes known to be directly induced by estrogen is very small. We identified proteinase inhibitor 9, or PI-9, as being rapidly and strongly induced by estrogen in an estrogen receptor-positive human liver cell line (HepG2-ER7). Since PI-9 mRNA was also induced by estrogen in a human liver biopsy sample, PI-9 is a genuine estrogen-regulated human gene. PI-9 is a potent inhibitor of granzyme B and of granzyme B-mediated apoptosis. Estrogens induced PI-9 mRNA within 2 h, PI-9 mRNA levels reached a plateau of 30-40-fold induction in 4 h, and induction was not blocked by cycloheximide, indicating that induction of PI-9 mRNA is a primary response. The antiestrogen trans- hydroxytamoxifen was a partial agonist for PI-9 mRNA induction, whereas the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 was a pure antagonist. Western blot analysis showed that estrogen strongly increases PI-9 protein levels. Inhibition of transcription with actinomycin D resulted in identical rates of PI-9 mRNA decay in the presence and absence of estrogen. We isolated genomic clones containing the PI-9 promoter region, identified a putative transcription start site, and carried out transient transfections of PI-9-luciferase reporter gene constructs. The estrogen, moxestrol, elicited a robust induction from the PI-9-luciferase reporter. Mutational inactivation of three potential imperfect estrogen response elements in the PI-9 5'-flanking region had no effect on moxestrol estrogen receptor induction.
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U2 - 10.1074/jbc.275.8.5867
DO - 10.1074/jbc.275.8.5867
M3 - Article
C2 - 10681578
AN - SCOPUS:0034104292
SN - 0021-9258
VL - 275
SP - 5867
EP - 5873
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
IS - 8
ER -