@article{276f4e0354cd4c48adc517f8194ccf2f,
title = "Quality of Spirometry tests performed by 9893 adults in 14 countries: The BOLD Study",
abstract = "Objective: to determine the ability of participants in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study to meet quality goals for spirometry test session quality and to assess factors contributing to good quality. Methods: Following 2 days of centralized training, spirometry was performed pre- and post-bronchodilator (BD) at 14 international sites, in random population-based samples of persons aged ≥40 years, following a standardized protocol. The quality of each test session was evaluated by the spirometer software and an expert reading center. Descriptive statistics were calculated for key maneuver acceptability variables. A logistic regression model identified the predictors of acceptable quality test sessions. Results: About 96% of test sessions met our quality goals for a low back-extrapolated volume (BEV), time to peak flow (PEFT), and end-of-test volume (EOTV). The mean forced expiratory time (FET) was 10.4 s. Ninety percent of the maneuvers with the highest FVC had a forced expiratory time (FET) > 6.8 s. About 90% of test sessions had FEV1 and FVC which were repeatable within 150 mL. Test quality was slightly better for post-BD test sessions when compared to pre-BD. Independent predictors of adequate test quality included female sex, younger age, higher education, lack of dyspnea, higher pre-BD FEV1, less BD responsiveness, and study site. Conclusions: Quality goals for spirometry tests were met about 90% of the time in these population-based samples of adults from several countries.",
keywords = "COPD, Quality control, Spirometry",
author = "P. Enright and Vollmer, {W. M.} and B. Lamprecht and R. Jensen and A. Jithoo and W. Tan and M. Studnicka and P. Burney and S. Gillespie and Buist, {A. S.}",
note = "Funding Information: The BOLD initiative has been funded in part by unrestricted educational grants to the Operations Center ( www.boldcopd.org ) from ALTANA , Aventis , AstraZeneca , Boehringer-Ingelheim , Chiesi , GlaxoSmithKline , Merck , Novartis , Pfizer , Schering-Plough , Sepracor , and University of Kentucky . Additional local support for BOLD clinical sites was provided by: Boehringer Ingelheim China. ( GuangZhou, China ); Turkish Thoracic Society, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Pfizer ( Adana, Turkey ); Altana, Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, Salzburger Gebietskrankenkasse and Salzburg Local Government ( Salzburg, Austria ); Research for International Tobacco Control, the International Development Research Center, the South African Medical Research Council, the South African Thoracic Society GlaxoSmithKline Pulmonary Research Fellowship, and the University of Cape Town Lung Institute ( Cape Town, South Africa ); and Landsp{\'i}tali-University Hospital-Scientific Fund, GlaxoSmithKline Iceland, and AstraZeneca Iceland ( Reykjavik, Iceland ); GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Polpharma, Ivax Pharma Poland, AstraZeneca Pharma Poland, ZF Altana Pharma, Pliva Krak{\'o}w, Adamed, Novartis Poland, Linde Gaz Polska, Lek Polska, Tarchomi{\'n}skie Zak{\l}ady Farmaceutyczne Polfa, Starostwo Proszowice, Skanska, Zasada, Agencja Mienia Wojskowego w Krakowie, Telekomunikacja Polska, Biernacki, Biogran, Amplus Bucki, Skrzydlewski, Sotwin, and Agroplon ( Cracow, Poland ); Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Pfizer Germany ( Hannover, Germany ); the Norwegian Ministry of Health{\textquoteright}s Foundation for Clinical Research, and Haukeland University Hospital{\textquoteright}s Medical Research Foundation for Thoracic Medicine ( Bergen, Norway ); AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Pfizer, and GlaxoSmithKline ( Vancouver, Canada ); Marty Driesler Cancer Project ( Lexington, Kentucky, USA ); Altana, Boehringer Ingelheim (Phil), GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Philippine College of Chest Physicians, Philippine College of Physicians, and United Laboratories (Phil) ( Manila, Philippines ); Air Liquide Healthcare P/L, AstraZeneca P/L, Boehringer Ingelheim P/L, GlaxoSmithKline Australia P/L, Pfizer Australia P/L ( Sydney, Australia ). ",
year = "2011",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1016/j.rmed.2011.04.008",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "105",
pages = "1507--1515",
journal = "Respiratory Medicine",
issn = "0954-6111",
publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",
number = "10",
}