TY - JOUR
T1 - Stem Cells and Liver Regeneration
AU - Duncan, Andrew W.
AU - Dorrell, Craig
AU - Grompe, Markus
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding Supported by grants from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to M.G. (R01DK51592) and A.W.D. (F32DK076232).
PY - 2009/8
Y1 - 2009/8
N2 - One of the defining features of the liver is the capacity to maintain a constant size despite injury. Although the precise molecular signals involved in the maintenance of liver size are not completely known, it is clear that the liver delicately balances regeneration with overgrowth. Mammals, for example, can survive surgical removal of up to 75% of the total liver mass. Within 1 week after liver resection, the total number of liver cells is restored. Moreover, liver overgrowth can be induced by a variety of signals, including hepatocyte growth factor or peroxisome proliferators; the liver quickly returns to its normal size when the proliferative signal is removed. The extent to which liver stem cells mediate liver regeneration has been hotly debated. One of the primary reasons for this controversy is the use of multiple definitions for the hepatic stem cell. Definitions for the liver stem cell include the following: (1) cells responsible for normal tissue turnover, (2) cells that give rise to regeneration after partial hepatectomy, (3) cells responsible for progenitor-dependent regeneration, (4) cells that produce hepatocyte and bile duct epithelial phenotypes in vitro, and (5) transplantable liver-repopulating cells. This review will consider liver stem cells in the context of each definition.
AB - One of the defining features of the liver is the capacity to maintain a constant size despite injury. Although the precise molecular signals involved in the maintenance of liver size are not completely known, it is clear that the liver delicately balances regeneration with overgrowth. Mammals, for example, can survive surgical removal of up to 75% of the total liver mass. Within 1 week after liver resection, the total number of liver cells is restored. Moreover, liver overgrowth can be induced by a variety of signals, including hepatocyte growth factor or peroxisome proliferators; the liver quickly returns to its normal size when the proliferative signal is removed. The extent to which liver stem cells mediate liver regeneration has been hotly debated. One of the primary reasons for this controversy is the use of multiple definitions for the hepatic stem cell. Definitions for the liver stem cell include the following: (1) cells responsible for normal tissue turnover, (2) cells that give rise to regeneration after partial hepatectomy, (3) cells responsible for progenitor-dependent regeneration, (4) cells that produce hepatocyte and bile duct epithelial phenotypes in vitro, and (5) transplantable liver-repopulating cells. This review will consider liver stem cells in the context of each definition.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=67650957717&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=67650957717&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.044
DO - 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.044
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19470389
AN - SCOPUS:67650957717
SN - 0016-5085
VL - 137
SP - 466
EP - 481
JO - Gastroenterology
JF - Gastroenterology
IS - 2
ER -