Steroid hormone regulation of vasopressinergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system

Vasopressinergic neurotransmission is intimately linked to steroid hormone signaling. Both arginine⁸ vasopressin (VP) and the extrahypothalamic VP V(1a) receptors are regulated by steroid hormones. Here, we present work that has been done in our laboratory, investigating mechanisms underlying steroid hormone effects on the expression of both VP and its primary receptor in the brain, the VP V(1a) receptor. Data on VP receptors, their coupling to second messenger pathways, their localization in brain, and their regulation by peptide exposure are discussed. We also cover the regulation of the V(1a) receptor by adrenal hormones, and the molecular basis of this effect. Evidence for the existence of other receptors for VP in the brain is presented. Lastly, the regulation of the VP peptide by gonadal hormones is discussed at the transcriptional level in the rodent brain. Finally, the potential significance of the 'cross-talk' between the vasopressinergic system and the steroid hormone system is addressed.