The human phenotype ontology in 2021

Sebastian Köhler, Michael Gargano, Nicolas Matentzoglu, Leigh C. Carmody, David Lewis-Smith, Nicole A. Vasilevsky, Daniel Danis, Ganna Balagura, Gareth Baynam, Amy M. Brower, Tiffany J. Callahan, Christopher G. Chute, Johanna L. Est, Peter D. Galer, Shiva Ganesan, Matthias Griese, Matthias Haimel, Julia Pazmandi, Marc Hanauer, Nomi L. HarrisMichael J. Hartnett, Maximilian Hastreiter, Fabian Hauck, Yongqun He, Tim Jeske, Hugh Kearney, Gerhard Kindle, Christoph Klein, Katrin Knoflach, Roland Krause, David Lagorce, Julie A. McMurry, Jillian A. Miller, Monica C. Munoz-Torres, Rebecca L. Peters, Christina K. Rapp, Ana M. Rath, Shahmir A. Rind, Avi Z. Rosenberg, Michael M. Segal, Markus G. Seidel, Damian Smedley, Tomer Talmy, Yarlalu Thomas, Samuel A. Wiafe, Julie Xian, Zafer Yüksel, Ingo Helbig, Christopher J. Mungall, Melissa A. Haendel, Peter N. Robinson

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

468 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO, https://hpo.jax.org) was launched in 2008 to provide a comprehensive logical standard to describe and computationally analyze phenotypic abnormalities found in human disease. The HPO is now a worldwide standard for phenotype exchange. The HPO has grown steadily since its inception due to considerable contributions from clinical experts and researchers from a diverse range of disciplines. Here, we present recent major extensions of the HPO for neurology, nephrology, immunology, pulmonology, newborn screening, and other areas. For example, the seizure subontology now reflects the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) guidelines and these enhancements have already shown clinical validity. We present new efforts to harmonize computational definitions of phenotypic abnormalities across the HPO and multiple phenotype ontologies used for animal models of disease. These efforts will benefit software such as Exomiser by improving the accuracy and scope of cross-species phenotype matching. The computational modeling strategy used by the HPO to define disease entities and phenotypic features and distinguish between them is explained in detail.We also report on recent efforts to translate the HPO into indigenous languages. Finally, we summarize recent advances in the use of HPO in electronic health record systems.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)D1207-D1217
JournalNucleic acids research
Volume49
Issue numberD1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 8 2021

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Genetics

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