TY - JOUR
T1 - The milk-alkali syndrome
T2 - Current concepts
AU - Orwoll, E. S.
PY - 1982
Y1 - 1982
N2 - The milk-alkali syndrome was first identified in 1923, and continues to occur in patients ingesting large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali, particularly as calcium carbonate. Hypercalcemia, alkalosis, and renal impairment remain hallmarks of the syndrome, which may occur in acute, subacute, and chronic forms. Although the pathophysiology of the milk-alkali syndrome has not been completely studied, it appears to involve complex interactions between ingested calcium and alkali resulting in an impairment in renal calcium and bicarbonate excretion. The diagnosis of the milk-alkali syndrome is based on a history of calcium and alkali ingestion, the presence of characteristics clinical and laboratory features, and the exclusion of other causes of hypercalcemia. Conservative treatment, including discontinuing calcium and alkali ingestion and supportive measures, is usually effective.
AB - The milk-alkali syndrome was first identified in 1923, and continues to occur in patients ingesting large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali, particularly as calcium carbonate. Hypercalcemia, alkalosis, and renal impairment remain hallmarks of the syndrome, which may occur in acute, subacute, and chronic forms. Although the pathophysiology of the milk-alkali syndrome has not been completely studied, it appears to involve complex interactions between ingested calcium and alkali resulting in an impairment in renal calcium and bicarbonate excretion. The diagnosis of the milk-alkali syndrome is based on a history of calcium and alkali ingestion, the presence of characteristics clinical and laboratory features, and the exclusion of other causes of hypercalcemia. Conservative treatment, including discontinuing calcium and alkali ingestion and supportive measures, is usually effective.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0019969192&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0019969192&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.7326/0003-4819-97-2-242
DO - 10.7326/0003-4819-97-2-242
M3 - Review article
C2 - 7049033
AN - SCOPUS:0019969192
SN - 0003-4819
VL - 97
SP - 242
EP - 248
JO - Annals of internal medicine
JF - Annals of internal medicine
IS - 2
ER -