Theory and practice of proximity correction by secondary exposure

Todd K. Leen

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

This article examines the theory and practice of correcting proximity effect in direct write electron beam lithography by the introduction of a second diffuse, image-complement exposure. The common point-spread function for energy deposition in the substrate is used in formulating a solution to the inverse scattering problem, and the solution is expressed as a power series in the backscatter coefficient. The ghost technique is shown to constitute an approximation to this solution. This mathematical exposition clearly indicates the power of the technique for providing very accurate, point-by-point correction of proximity effect. Application of the procedure to nonlinear resists in a shaped-beam exposure tool is given.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1776-1781
Number of pages6
JournalJournal of Applied Physics
Volume65
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - 1989
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Physics and Astronomy

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