TY - JOUR
T1 - Toxicity of various anions associated with methoxyethyl methyl imidazolium-based ionic liquids on Clostridium sp.
AU - Wang, Hao
AU - Malhotra, Sanjay V.
AU - Francis, Arokiasamy J.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank A.D. Woodhead for the editorial help and comments. This work was supported by Brookhaven National Laboratory, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.
PY - 2011/3
Y1 - 2011/3
N2 - We investigated the effects on the growth of the anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium sp., of the ionic liquid, 1-methoxyethyl-3-methyl imidazolium [MOEMIM]+, derived from imidazolium cation and paired with one of a variety of counter-ions, viz., tetrafluoroborate [BF4]-, hexafluorophosphate [PF6]-, trifluoroacetate [CF3COO]-, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide [Tf2N]-, methane sulfonate [OMS], and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4]. These anions, in association with [MOEMIM]+ lowered the growth rate of the bacterium, showing the following trend: [Tf2N]-≧[PF6]->[BF4]->[CF3COO]->[OMS]-. Anions incorporating fluorine were more toxic than those without it, and their toxicity rose with an increase in the number of fluorine atoms. Also, [MOEMIM]+ [BF4]- was less toxic than [BMIM]+ [BF4]-, probably due to the presence of a methoxyethyl functional group integrated in the cation side chain.
AB - We investigated the effects on the growth of the anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium sp., of the ionic liquid, 1-methoxyethyl-3-methyl imidazolium [MOEMIM]+, derived from imidazolium cation and paired with one of a variety of counter-ions, viz., tetrafluoroborate [BF4]-, hexafluorophosphate [PF6]-, trifluoroacetate [CF3COO]-, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide [Tf2N]-, methane sulfonate [OMS], and 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4]. These anions, in association with [MOEMIM]+ lowered the growth rate of the bacterium, showing the following trend: [Tf2N]-≧[PF6]->[BF4]->[CF3COO]->[OMS]-. Anions incorporating fluorine were more toxic than those without it, and their toxicity rose with an increase in the number of fluorine atoms. Also, [MOEMIM]+ [BF4]- was less toxic than [BMIM]+ [BF4]-, probably due to the presence of a methoxyethyl functional group integrated in the cation side chain.
KW - Anions
KW - Bacteria
KW - Clostridium sp.
KW - Ionic liquids
KW - Toxicity
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U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.049
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.049
M3 - Article
C2 - 21159360
AN - SCOPUS:79951723914
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 82
SP - 1597
EP - 1603
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
IS - 11
ER -