@article{aacf1e42c54d4bc0a6ab16207de8771b,
title = "Tuberculosis Infectiousness and Host Susceptibility",
abstract = "The transmission of tuberculosis is complex. Necessary factors include a source case with respiratory disease that has developed sufficiently for Mycobacterium tuberculosis to be present in the airways. Viable bacilli must then be released as an aerosol via the respiratory tract of the source case. This is presumed to occur predominantly by coughing but may also happen by other means. Airborne bacilli must be capable of surviving in the external environment before inhalation into a new potential host-steps influenced by ambient conditions and crowding and by M. tuberculosis itself. Innate and adaptive host defenses will then influence whether new infection results; a process that is difficult to study owing to a paucity of animal models and an inability to measure infection directly. This review offers an overview of these steps and highlights the many gaps in knowledge that remain.",
keywords = "Tuberculosis, infectiousness, susceptibility, transmission",
author = "Turner, {Richard D.} and Christopher Chiu and Churchyard, {Gavin J.} and Hanif Esmail and Lewinsohn, {David M.} and Gandhi, {Neel R.} and Fennelly, {Kevin P.}",
note = "Funding Information: Financial support. This work was supported by the Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (contract HHSN272201100001G [Research Support Services for the Division of AIDS]), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the South African Medical Research Council. Funding Information: Acknowledgments. We thank the workshop participants, for contributing to productive discussions relevant to this work; Drs N. Sarita Shah and Roxana Rustomjee, for their assistance in reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript; and the Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, for editorial and administrative assistance. Dr Fennelly{\textquoteright}s effort was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. We are grateful to Professor Bavesh Kana for contributing Figure 1 of this manuscript. Funding Information: Supplement sponsorship. This work is part of a supplement sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Author.",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.1093/infdis/jix361",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "216",
pages = "S636--S643",
journal = "Journal of Infectious Diseases",
issn = "0022-1899",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
}