A comparative finite element analysis of two types of axial and radial functionally graded dental implants with titanium one around implant-bone interface

Functionally graded biomaterials (FGBMs) have received significant attention in the recent years as potential candidates for the next generation of dental implant improvement. This happened due to their unique advantages and their ability to satisfy the requirements of both biomechanical and biocompatibility properties simultaneously. This study was aimed to analyze the effects of two radial and axial FGBM dental implants on the stress distribution near the dental implant-bone interface under a static load using finite element method (FEM). The model was restrained on a base supporting bone and vertically loaded with a force of 100 N on the top of the abutment. In the FGBM models, the implants are made of a combination of bioceramic and biometal composition, with properties that change gradually and continuously in the radial and axial directions. The numerical results indicated that the use of both radial and axial FGBM dental implants reduced the maximum von Mises stress in the cortical and the cancellous bones in comparison with the common titanium one, which leads to faster bone regeneration and early stabilization of dental implant system. The findings of the present study may have implications not only for understanding the stresses and deformations around the implant-bone interface but also for improving the performance as well as application of FGBMs in dental implant materials.