Augmenting Vaccine Efficacy against Delta Variant with ‘Mycobacterium-w’-Mediated Modulation of NK-ADCC and TLR-MYD88 Pathways

Sarita Rani Jaiswal; Ashraf Saifullah; Jaganath Arunachalam; Rohit Lakhchaura; Dhanir Tailor; Anupama Mehta; Gitali Bhagawati; Hemamalini Aiyer; Subhrajit Biswas; Bakulesh Khamar; Sanjay V. Malhotra; Suparno Chakrabarti

doi:10.3390/vaccines11020328

Augmenting Vaccine Efficacy against Delta Variant with ‘Mycobacterium-w’-Mediated Modulation of NK-ADCC and TLR-MYD88 Pathways

Sarita Rani Jaiswal, Ashraf Saifullah, Jaganath Arunachalam, Rohit Lakhchaura, Dhanir Tailor, Anupama Mehta, Gitali Bhagawati, Hemamalini Aiyer, Subhrajit Biswas, Bakulesh Khamar, Sanjay V. Malhotra, Suparno Chakrabarti

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Mycobacterium-w (Mw) was shown to boost adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and protect against COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. As a follow-up of the trial, 50 healthcare workers (HCW) who had received Mw in September 2020 and subsequently received at least one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Mw + ChAdOx1 group) were monitored for symptomatic COVID-19 during a major outbreak with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (April–June 2021), along with 201 HCW receiving both doses of the vaccine without Mw (ChAdOx1 group). Despite 48% having received just a single dose of the vaccine in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, only two had mild COVID-19, compared to 36 infections in the ChAdOx1 group (HR-0.46, p = 0.009). Transcriptomic studies revealed an enhanced adaptive NK cell-dependent ADCC in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, along with downregulation of the TLR2-MYD88 pathway and concomitant attenuation of downstream inflammatory pathways. This might have resulted in robust protection during the pandemic with the delta variant.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	328
Journal	Vaccines
Volume	11
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020328
State	Published - Feb 2023

Keywords

ADCC
COVID-19
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
Mycobacterium w (Mw)
SARS-CoV-2
innate immunity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Immunology
Pharmacology
Drug Discovery
Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology (medical)

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10.3390/vaccines11020328

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Jaiswal, S. R., Saifullah, A., Arunachalam, J., Lakhchaura, R., Tailor, D., Mehta, A., Bhagawati, G., Aiyer, H., Biswas, S., Khamar, B., Malhotra, S. V., & Chakrabarti, S. (2023). Augmenting Vaccine Efficacy against Delta Variant with ‘Mycobacterium-w’-Mediated Modulation of NK-ADCC and TLR-MYD88 Pathways. Vaccines, 11(2), Article 328. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020328

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abstract = "Mycobacterium-w (Mw) was shown to boost adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and protect against COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. As a follow-up of the trial, 50 healthcare workers (HCW) who had received Mw in September 2020 and subsequently received at least one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Mw + ChAdOx1 group) were monitored for symptomatic COVID-19 during a major outbreak with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (April–June 2021), along with 201 HCW receiving both doses of the vaccine without Mw (ChAdOx1 group). Despite 48% having received just a single dose of the vaccine in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, only two had mild COVID-19, compared to 36 infections in the ChAdOx1 group (HR-0.46, p = 0.009). Transcriptomic studies revealed an enhanced adaptive NK cell-dependent ADCC in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, along with downregulation of the TLR2-MYD88 pathway and concomitant attenuation of downstream inflammatory pathways. This might have resulted in robust protection during the pandemic with the delta variant.",

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AU - Saifullah, Ashraf

AU - Arunachalam, Jaganath

AU - Lakhchaura, Rohit

AU - Tailor, Dhanir

AU - Mehta, Anupama

AU - Bhagawati, Gitali

AU - Aiyer, Hemamalini

AU - Biswas, Subhrajit

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AU - Malhotra, Sanjay V.

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N2 - Mycobacterium-w (Mw) was shown to boost adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and protect against COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. As a follow-up of the trial, 50 healthcare workers (HCW) who had received Mw in September 2020 and subsequently received at least one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Mw + ChAdOx1 group) were monitored for symptomatic COVID-19 during a major outbreak with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (April–June 2021), along with 201 HCW receiving both doses of the vaccine without Mw (ChAdOx1 group). Despite 48% having received just a single dose of the vaccine in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, only two had mild COVID-19, compared to 36 infections in the ChAdOx1 group (HR-0.46, p = 0.009). Transcriptomic studies revealed an enhanced adaptive NK cell-dependent ADCC in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, along with downregulation of the TLR2-MYD88 pathway and concomitant attenuation of downstream inflammatory pathways. This might have resulted in robust protection during the pandemic with the delta variant.

AB - Mycobacterium-w (Mw) was shown to boost adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and protect against COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. As a follow-up of the trial, 50 healthcare workers (HCW) who had received Mw in September 2020 and subsequently received at least one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Mw + ChAdOx1 group) were monitored for symptomatic COVID-19 during a major outbreak with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (April–June 2021), along with 201 HCW receiving both doses of the vaccine without Mw (ChAdOx1 group). Despite 48% having received just a single dose of the vaccine in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, only two had mild COVID-19, compared to 36 infections in the ChAdOx1 group (HR-0.46, p = 0.009). Transcriptomic studies revealed an enhanced adaptive NK cell-dependent ADCC in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, along with downregulation of the TLR2-MYD88 pathway and concomitant attenuation of downstream inflammatory pathways. This might have resulted in robust protection during the pandemic with the delta variant.

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Augmenting Vaccine Efficacy against Delta Variant with ‘Mycobacterium-w’-Mediated Modulation of NK-ADCC and TLR-MYD88 Pathways

Abstract

Keywords

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