@article{b4c5d97429a445a3ab268d259f34540b,
title = "Cardiovascular disease risk factors, depression symptoms and antidepressant medicine use in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) clinical trial of weight loss in diabetes",
abstract = "Aims/hypothesis: To determine the associations of baseline depression symptoms and use of antidepressant medicines (ADMs) with baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial participants. Methods: Look AHEAD participants (n∈=∈5,145; age 58.7∈±∈6.8 years; BMI 35.8∈±∈5.8 kg/m 2) were assessed for CVD risk factors (elevated HbA1c or insulin use, elevated BP or antihypertensive use, elevated lipid levels or lipid-lowering medication, current smoking, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, lower peak exercise capacity assessed as metabolic equivalents [METs], and ankle-brachial index <0.9 or >1.3). Participants also completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and reported their use of ADMs. Results: Of the participants, 14.7% had BDI scores 11, consistent with mild-moderate depression, and 16.5% took ADMs; 4.4% had both depression markers (i.e. elevated symptom scores and took ADMs). In logistic regression analyses of CVD risk (elevated risk factor or use of medication to control the risk factor), controlled for demographic factors, continuous BDI scores and ADM use were each independently associated with elevated BP (or medication), current smoking, BMI 30 kg/m 2 and lower MET values. ADM use was also associated with elevated serum lipids or use of lipid-lowering medication. Conclusions/interpretation: Among Look AHEAD participants, depression symptoms or ADM use on entry to the study were each independently associated with a wide range of CVD risk factors. Future research should assess the temporal dynamics of the relationships of depression symptoms and ADM use with CVD risk factors. Trial registration:Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00017953 Funding:This study is funded by the National Institutes of Health with additional support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.",
keywords = "Antidepressant medication, CVD risk, Depression symptoms, Look AHEAD trial",
author = "Rubin, {R. R.} and Gaussoin, {S. A.} and M. Peyrot and V. Dilillo and K. Miller and Wadden, {T. A.} and West, {D. S.} and Wing, {R. R.} and Knowler, {W. C.}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements This study is supported by the Department of Health and Human Services through the following cooperative agreements from the National Institutes of Health: DK57136, DK57149, DK56990, DK57177, DK57171, DK57151, DK57182, DK57131, DK57002, DK57078, DK57154, DK57178, DK57219, DK57008, DK57135 and DK56992. The following federal agencies have contributed support: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Nursing Research; National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Office of Research on Women{\textquoteright}s Health; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The Indian Health Service (IHS) provided personnel, medical oversight and use of facilities. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IHS or other funding sources. Additional support was received from The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Bayview General Clinical Research Center (M01-RR-02719); the Massachusetts General Hospital Mal-linckrodt General Clinical Research Center (M01-RR-01066); the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center General Clinical Research Center (M01 RR00051) and Clinical Nutrition Research Unit (P30 DK48520); the University of Tennessee at Memphis General Clinical Research Center (M01RR00211-40); the University of Pittsburgh General Clinical Research Center (M01 RR000056 44) and NIH grant (DK 046204); and the University of Washington/VA Puget Sound Health Care System Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs. The following organisations have committed to make major contributions to Look AHEAD: Federal Express; Health Management Resources; Johnson & Johnson; LifeScan; Optifast-Novartis Nutrition; Roche Pharmaceuticals; Ross Product Division of Abbott Laboratories; Slim-Fast Foods Company; and Unilever. Funding Information: Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00017953 Funding This study is funded by the National Institutes of Health with additional support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.",
year = "2010",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1007/s00125-010-1765-1",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "53",
pages = "1581--1589",
journal = "Diabetologia",
issn = "0012-186X",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "8",
}