TY - JOUR
T1 - Children with autism spectrum disorder
T2 - Pilot studies examining the salivary microbiome and implications for gut metabolism and social behavior
AU - Forsyth, Anna
AU - Raslan, Kareem
AU - Lyashenko, Claudia
AU - Bona, Samantha
AU - Snow, Michael
AU - Khor, Brandon
AU - Herrman, Elisa
AU - Ortiz, Stephanie
AU - Choi, Dongseok
AU - Maier, Tom
AU - Machida, Curtis A.
N1 - Funding Information:
KR, CL, and SB are equal contributors to this work. KR is the current recipient of the 2019 AADR Student Research Day Award, supporting travel to the 2020 IADR Meeting in Washington, DC (March 18-21, 2020). CL is the Clinical Study Coordinator for our project and SB is a graduating resident in the Pediatric Dentistry program. EH is a recipient of the Dean’s Student Research Fellowship Award from the OHSU School of Dentistry , and was the OHSU-SCADA student representative at the 2019 IADR Meeting in Vancouver, BC, Canada (June 19-22, 2019). KR, EH, SO, MS, and BK are students in the academic DMD degree program at the OHSU School of Dentistry. TM and CM receive salary support from the OHSU School of Dentistry. We thank Dr. Kim Kutsch for establishing and supporting with Carifree (Albany, Oregon), the Bob Bowers Memorial Award for Student Research in Dental Caries. We also thank Dr. Elizabeth Palmer for assistance in patient recruitment, and Drs. Tom Shearer, Bill Knight, and Bob Steelman for many discussions and support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
PY - 2020/3
Y1 - 2020/3
N2 - Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a collection of neurodevelopmental disorders defined by core deficits, including impaired communication, reciprocal social interaction, and stereotyped and repetitive patterns of behaviors. The salivary microbiota may serve as important indicators of oral and systemic health. In this pilot study, we identify components of the salivary microbiome in children with ASD. Methods: Saliva specimens were collected from 11 children with ASD (mean age: 10.68 years) and from 10 typically-developing individuals. Microbial DNA was extracted and utilized as templates for PCR amplification with V3-V4 16S rDNA-specific primers and high-throughput MiSeq sequencing. Taxonomic operational unit analyses and salivary microbiota profiles were conducted by LC Sciences (Houston TX); individual microbial species were further compared between children with ASD and typically-developing individuals. Results: Rothia species were found to be statistically more prevalent in children with ASD in comparison to typically-developing children (12.2-fold change; FDR p-value = 0.031). Alternately, Megasphaera, Moraxella, Neisseria, and Gemella species were all found at significantly higher levels in typically-developing children than children with ASD, displaying 39.2-, 31.9-, 18.8- and 14.0-fold differences, respectively (all with FDR p-values < 0.011). In boys with ASD, Moraxella and Neisseria species were found at significantly-higher levels compared to typically-developing counterparts, exhibiting 42.36- and 28.62-fold differences, respectively (FDR p-values of 0.011 and 0.0004). Conclusion: Understanding the salivary microbiome in children with autism can lead to improved management of oral health and precision treatment planning. In addition, practitioners may be able to modify the oral microbiome as therapeutic regimens for ASD and other oral diseases.
AB - Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a collection of neurodevelopmental disorders defined by core deficits, including impaired communication, reciprocal social interaction, and stereotyped and repetitive patterns of behaviors. The salivary microbiota may serve as important indicators of oral and systemic health. In this pilot study, we identify components of the salivary microbiome in children with ASD. Methods: Saliva specimens were collected from 11 children with ASD (mean age: 10.68 years) and from 10 typically-developing individuals. Microbial DNA was extracted and utilized as templates for PCR amplification with V3-V4 16S rDNA-specific primers and high-throughput MiSeq sequencing. Taxonomic operational unit analyses and salivary microbiota profiles were conducted by LC Sciences (Houston TX); individual microbial species were further compared between children with ASD and typically-developing individuals. Results: Rothia species were found to be statistically more prevalent in children with ASD in comparison to typically-developing children (12.2-fold change; FDR p-value = 0.031). Alternately, Megasphaera, Moraxella, Neisseria, and Gemella species were all found at significantly higher levels in typically-developing children than children with ASD, displaying 39.2-, 31.9-, 18.8- and 14.0-fold differences, respectively (all with FDR p-values < 0.011). In boys with ASD, Moraxella and Neisseria species were found at significantly-higher levels compared to typically-developing counterparts, exhibiting 42.36- and 28.62-fold differences, respectively (FDR p-values of 0.011 and 0.0004). Conclusion: Understanding the salivary microbiome in children with autism can lead to improved management of oral health and precision treatment planning. In addition, practitioners may be able to modify the oral microbiome as therapeutic regimens for ASD and other oral diseases.
KW - Autism spectrum disorder
KW - Children
KW - Oral and systemic health
KW - Precision treatment planning
KW - Rothia species
KW - Salivary microbiome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076017788&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85076017788&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.humic.2019.100066
DO - 10.1016/j.humic.2019.100066
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85076017788
SN - 2452-2317
VL - 15
JO - Human Microbiome Journal
JF - Human Microbiome Journal
M1 - 100066
ER -