Comparison Between Orthopaedic Trauma Versus Arthroplasty Fellowship Training on Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture

Background: This study aimed to identify differences in patient characteristics, perioperative management methods, and outcomes for total hip arthroplasty (THA) for femoral neck fracture (FNF) when performed by orthopaedic surgeons who have arthroplasty versus orthopaedic trauma training. Methods: This study was a multicenter retrospective review of 636 patients who underwent THA for FNF between 2010 and 2019. There were 373 patients who underwent THA by an arthroplasty surgeon, and 263 who underwent THA by an orthopaedic trauma surgeon. Comorbidities, management methods, and outcomes were compared between patients operated on by orthopaedic surgeons who had arthroplasty versus trauma training. Results: Arthroplasty-trained surgeons had shorter operative times (102 versus 128 minutes, P < .0001) and utilized tranexamic acid more frequently than trauma-trained surgeons (48.8 versus 18.6%, P < .0001). Orthopaedic trauma surgeons more frequently utilized an anterior approach. Patients of arthroplasty-trained surgeons had lower rates of complications including pulmonary embolism (1.6 versus 6.5%, P = .0019) and myocardial infarction (1.6 versus 11.0%, P < .0001). Similarly, patients of arthroplasty-trained surgeons were discharged faster (5.3 versus 7.9 days, P < .0001) with greater ambulation capacity (92.2 versus 57.2 feet, P < .0001). Dislocation, periprosthetic joint infection, and revision were similar between both groups. When adjusted for covariates, there was no difference in 90-day, 1-year, or 2-year mortality. Conclusion: A THA performed for FNF by arthroplasty surgeons was associated with lower in-hospital morbidities and improved functional statuses at discharge. However, mortalities and complications after discharge were similar between both specialties when adjusted for confounding variables. Optimization of protocols may further improve outcomes for THA for FNF.