TY - JOUR
T1 - Correlates of Recent HIV Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Areas
T2 - A Multi-site Cross-Sectional Study, 2018–2020
AU - Ibragimov, Umedjon
AU - Livingston, Melvin D.
AU - Young, April M.
AU - Feinberg, Judith
AU - Korthuis, P. Todd
AU - Akhtar, Wajiha Z.
AU - Jenkins, Wiley D.
AU - Crane, Heidi M.
AU - Westergaard, Ryan P.
AU - Nance, Robin
AU - Miller, William C.
AU - Bresett, John
AU - Khoury, Dalia
AU - Hurt, Christopher B.
AU - Go, Vivian F.
AU - Nolte, Kerry
AU - Cooper, Hannah L.F.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - The Rural Opioid Initiative surveyed 2693 people who inject drugs (PWID) in eight rural U.S. areas in 2018–2020 about self-reported HIV testing in the past 6 months. Correlates of interest included receipt of any drug-related services, incarceration history, and structural barriers to care (e.g., lack of insurance, proximity to syringe service programs [SSP]). Overall, 20% of participants reported receiving an HIV test within the past 6 months. Multivariable generalized estimating equations showed that attending substance use disorder (SUD) treatment (OR 2.11, 95%CI [1.58, 2.82]), having health insurance (OR 1.42, 95%CI [1.01, 2.00]) and recent incarceration (OR 1.49, 95%CI [1.08, 2.04]) were positively associated with HIV testing, while experiencing a resource barrier to healthcare (inability to pay, lack of transportation, inconvenient hours, or lack of child care) had inverse (OR 0.73, 95%CI [0.56, 0.94]) association with HIV testing. We found that the prevalence of HIV testing among rural PWID is low, indicating an unmet need for testing. While SUD treatment or incarceration may increase chances for HIV testing for rural PWID, other avenues for expanding HIV testing, such as SSP, need to be explored.
AB - The Rural Opioid Initiative surveyed 2693 people who inject drugs (PWID) in eight rural U.S. areas in 2018–2020 about self-reported HIV testing in the past 6 months. Correlates of interest included receipt of any drug-related services, incarceration history, and structural barriers to care (e.g., lack of insurance, proximity to syringe service programs [SSP]). Overall, 20% of participants reported receiving an HIV test within the past 6 months. Multivariable generalized estimating equations showed that attending substance use disorder (SUD) treatment (OR 2.11, 95%CI [1.58, 2.82]), having health insurance (OR 1.42, 95%CI [1.01, 2.00]) and recent incarceration (OR 1.49, 95%CI [1.08, 2.04]) were positively associated with HIV testing, while experiencing a resource barrier to healthcare (inability to pay, lack of transportation, inconvenient hours, or lack of child care) had inverse (OR 0.73, 95%CI [0.56, 0.94]) association with HIV testing. We found that the prevalence of HIV testing among rural PWID is low, indicating an unmet need for testing. While SUD treatment or incarceration may increase chances for HIV testing for rural PWID, other avenues for expanding HIV testing, such as SSP, need to be explored.
KW - Barriers to services
KW - HIV testing
KW - PWID
KW - Rural
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85175114013&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10461-023-04140-x
DO - 10.1007/s10461-023-04140-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 37515742
AN - SCOPUS:85175114013
SN - 1090-7165
VL - 28
SP - 59
EP - 71
JO - AIDS and Behavior
JF - AIDS and Behavior
IS - 1
ER -