@article{4a39d6a0647a410692c9e144c84e6dc2,
title = "Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications",
abstract = "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global pandemic, but human immune responses to the virus remain poorly understood. We used high-dimensional cytometry to analyze 125 COVID-19 patients and compare them with recovered and healthy individuals. Integrated analysis of ~200 immune and ~50 clinical features revealed activation of T cell and B cell subsets in a proportion of patients. A subgroup of patients had T cell activation characteristic of acute viral infection and plasmablast responses reaching >30% of circulating B cells. However, another subgroup had lymphocyte activation comparable with that in uninfected individuals. Stable versus dynamic immunological signatures were identified and linked to trajectories of disease severity change. Our analyses identified three immunotypes associated with poor clinical trajectories versus improving health. These immunotypes may have implications for the design of therapeutics and vaccines for COVID-19.",
author = "{UPenn COVID Processing Unit} and Divij Mathew and Giles, {Josephine R.} and Baxter, {Amy E.} and Oldridge, {Derek A.} and Greenplate, {Allison R.} and Wu, {Jennifer E.} and C{\'e}cile Alanio and Leticia Kuri-Cervantes and Pampena, {M. Betina} and Kurt D'Andrea and Sasikanth Manne and Zeyu Chen and Huang, {Yinghui Jane} and Reilly, {John P.} and Weisman, {Ariel R.} and Ittner, {Caroline A.G.} and Oliva Kuthuru and Jeanette Dougherty and Kito Nzingha and Nicholas Han and Justin Kim and Ajinkya Pattekar and Goodwin, {Eileen C.} and Anderson, {Elizabeth M.} and Weirick, {Madison E.} and Sigrid Gouma and Arevalo, {Claudia P.} and Bolton, {Marcus J.} and Fang Chen and Lacey, {Simon F.} and Holly Ramage and Sara Cherry and Hensley, {Scott E.} and Apostolidis, {Sokratis A.} and Huang, {Alexander C.} and Vella, {Laura A.} and Betts, {Michael R.} and Meyer, {Nuala J.} and Wherry, {E. John} and Zahidul Alam and Addison, {Mary M.} and Byrne, {Katelyn T.} and Aditi Chandra and Descamps, {H{\'e}l{\`e}ne C.} and Yaroslav Kaminskiy and Hamilton, {Jacob T.} and Noll, {Julia Han} and Omran, {Dalia K.} and Eric Perkey and Prager, {Elizabeth M.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1126/SCIENCE.ABC8511",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "369",
journal = "Science",
issn = "0036-8075",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
number = "6508",
}