Delayed complications following sinus trauma

The most common complication following sinus trauma is sinusitis, usually resulting from edema, blood, retained bone or soft-tissue fragments, or foreign bodies. • Craniofacial trauma accounts for approximately 28% of mucoceles. • Mucoceles can present decades after the inciting trauma, so life-long follow up is indicated. • Foreign bodies of the paranasal sinuses are associated with trauma in 70% of cases, and most commonly involve the maxillary sinus. Thorough and complete debridement in the acute setting is essential to prevent long-term complications. • Paranasal sinus epidermoids have been reported to occur following traumatic implantation of squamous mucosa. • Management of paranasal sinus epidermoids involves ventilation of the affected sinuses with longterm endoscopic follow up. • Traumatic aneurysms of the internal carotid artery can present as an isolated sinus mass.