TY - JOUR
T1 - Demonstration of Dual Parallel Jet Interaction in an In Vitro Model of Multivalvular Disease by Use of Optical Visualization and Color Doppler Flow Mapping
AU - Shandas, Robin
AU - Moises, Valdir
AU - Maciel, Benedito
AU - Sahn, David
N1 - Funding Information:
From the Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California San Diego, and the Clinical Care Center for Congenital Heart Disease, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland. Supported in part by a grant from the National Institutes Health, #R01 HL42387. Reprint requests: David J. Sahn, MD, Oregon Health Sciences University, Division ofPediatric Cardiology, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, UHN60, Portland, OR 97201. Copyright© 1993 by the American Society ofEchocardiography. 0894-7317/93 $1.00 + .10 27/l/43337
PY - 1993
Y1 - 1993
N2 - Parallel jets, such as those occurring in the heart in multivalvular diseases like combined mitral stenosis and aortic insufficiency, have created difficulty when color Doppler flow mapping or continuous wave Doppler has been used to localize or to measure the jets because they appear to merge. Dual jet interaction was reproduced in an in vitro transparent model by driving two parallel adjacent jets, one lower velocity, higher mass, through a 19 mm2 orifice, and the other higher peak velocity, smaller mass through two orifices, 0.27 mm2 and 1.5 mm2, by use of a solution of India ink and cornstarch to optically visualize- the jet interaction and image the interaction by color Doppler. Consistent deviation of the lower velocity jet towards the higher velocity jet was observed, and the large jet angled more strongly towards the small jet for the 1.5 mm2 small jet orifice than for the 0.27 mm2 orifice for constant large and small jet velocities. There was a better linear correlation of the amount of large jet angulation to the ratio of both jets' Reynolds numbers than to the ratio of both flow rates. The jets interacted as close as 1.3 cm from their point of origin, and the region after the jets merged was a highly turbulent mixing zone where neither jet could be separately imaged or visualized. These observations suggest that relative velocity plays a primary role in determining jet interaction which is a recruitment phenomena but that other hydrodynamic parameters, such as flow rate and Reynolds numbers, determine the degree to which the jets deviate.
AB - Parallel jets, such as those occurring in the heart in multivalvular diseases like combined mitral stenosis and aortic insufficiency, have created difficulty when color Doppler flow mapping or continuous wave Doppler has been used to localize or to measure the jets because they appear to merge. Dual jet interaction was reproduced in an in vitro transparent model by driving two parallel adjacent jets, one lower velocity, higher mass, through a 19 mm2 orifice, and the other higher peak velocity, smaller mass through two orifices, 0.27 mm2 and 1.5 mm2, by use of a solution of India ink and cornstarch to optically visualize- the jet interaction and image the interaction by color Doppler. Consistent deviation of the lower velocity jet towards the higher velocity jet was observed, and the large jet angled more strongly towards the small jet for the 1.5 mm2 small jet orifice than for the 0.27 mm2 orifice for constant large and small jet velocities. There was a better linear correlation of the amount of large jet angulation to the ratio of both jets' Reynolds numbers than to the ratio of both flow rates. The jets interacted as close as 1.3 cm from their point of origin, and the region after the jets merged was a highly turbulent mixing zone where neither jet could be separately imaged or visualized. These observations suggest that relative velocity plays a primary role in determining jet interaction which is a recruitment phenomena but that other hydrodynamic parameters, such as flow rate and Reynolds numbers, determine the degree to which the jets deviate.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80482-3
DO - 10.1016/S0894-7317(14)80482-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 8481241
AN - SCOPUS:0027567929
SN - 0894-7317
VL - 6
SP - 124
EP - 133
JO - Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
JF - Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
IS - 2
ER -