TY - JOUR
T1 - Differentiating nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis from its mimics
T2 - a narrative review
AU - Mease, Philip
AU - Deodhar, Atul
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Background: Optimal treatment of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis depends on accurate and timely diagnosis of the underlying disease; however, patients present with common symptoms that, in the absence of radiographic changes, may confound diagnosis. Methods and findings: In this narrative review, a PubMed literature search was conducted through January 2021, with no date limits, to identify English-language publications discussing classification of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis, with an emphasis on clinical features and presentation, differential diagnoses, and mimics of disease. This review describes the epidemiology, clinical features, and burden of disease of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis as it relates to the overall axial spondyloarthritis spectrum and discusses mimics and differential diagnoses of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis that should be considered when evaluating patients with suspected nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis in clinical practice. Conclusions: Recognition of clinical features of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis, along with an understanding of comorbid conditions such as fibromyalgia, allows for differentiation from its mimics. Appropriate diagnosis of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis is important for aggressive management of disease to reduce pain, avoid loss of function, and improve quality of life.
AB - Background: Optimal treatment of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis depends on accurate and timely diagnosis of the underlying disease; however, patients present with common symptoms that, in the absence of radiographic changes, may confound diagnosis. Methods and findings: In this narrative review, a PubMed literature search was conducted through January 2021, with no date limits, to identify English-language publications discussing classification of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis, with an emphasis on clinical features and presentation, differential diagnoses, and mimics of disease. This review describes the epidemiology, clinical features, and burden of disease of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis as it relates to the overall axial spondyloarthritis spectrum and discusses mimics and differential diagnoses of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis that should be considered when evaluating patients with suspected nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis in clinical practice. Conclusions: Recognition of clinical features of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis, along with an understanding of comorbid conditions such as fibromyalgia, allows for differentiation from its mimics. Appropriate diagnosis of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis is important for aggressive management of disease to reduce pain, avoid loss of function, and improve quality of life.
KW - Differential diagnosis
KW - Management
KW - Narrative review
KW - Nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis
KW - Treatment
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U2 - 10.1186/s12891-022-05073-7
DO - 10.1186/s12891-022-05073-7
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35279103
AN - SCOPUS:85126190034
SN - 1471-2474
VL - 23
JO - BMC musculoskeletal disorders
JF - BMC musculoskeletal disorders
IS - 1
M1 - 240
ER -