TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of occupational pesticide exposure on children applying pesticides
AU - Abdel Rasoul, Gaafar M.
AU - Abou Salem, Mahmoud E.
AU - Mechael, Atef A.
AU - Hendy, Olfat M.
AU - Rohlman, Diane S.
AU - Ismail, Ahmed A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This manuscript is a part of the MD thesis of Ahmed A. Ismail for his fulfillment of the Doctor Degree in Industrial Medicine and Occupational Health. The entire work was conducted and funded by the Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt. The study was reviewed and accepted by the Medical Ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University on July 13 2005.
PY - 2008/9
Y1 - 2008/9
N2 - Nearly 40% of the Egyptian workforce is employed in agriculture. The cotton industry relies on children and adolescents, who work seasonally, to apply pesticides to the cotton crops. Although previous research has examined adult pesticide exposures in this workforce in Egypt, no research has examined the health effects in adolescents. This study attempts to systematically replicate findings examining the impact of organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure in adults on Arabic speaking children working as applicators. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of pesticide exposure on children and adolescents spraying cotton fields. Male children currently applying pesticides between the ages of 9 and 15 (Younger, n = 30) and 16 and 19 (Older, n = 20) were recruited for the study. They completed a neurobehavioral test battery; personality inventory; work, health, and exposure questionnaires; and medical and neurological screening exams. Blood samples were collected to measure acetylcholinesterase. Children not working in agriculture, matched on age and education, served as controls. Both Younger and Older applicator groups, performed significantly worse than the controls on the majority of neurobehavioral tests controlling for age and years of education. The applicators reported significantly more neurological symptoms than the controls and had lower acetylcholinesterase activity. A dose-effect relationship demonstrated that increased years of exposure to organophosphate pesticides is associated with cognitive deficits. This is one of the several studies demonstrating that functional cognitive effects are positively correlated with increased years of exposure to OP pesticides, though primarily in adult populations, building confidence in the association. Since children around the world are exposed to OP pesticides, these studies suggest that the need to evaluate this potential problem is urgent.
AB - Nearly 40% of the Egyptian workforce is employed in agriculture. The cotton industry relies on children and adolescents, who work seasonally, to apply pesticides to the cotton crops. Although previous research has examined adult pesticide exposures in this workforce in Egypt, no research has examined the health effects in adolescents. This study attempts to systematically replicate findings examining the impact of organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure in adults on Arabic speaking children working as applicators. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of pesticide exposure on children and adolescents spraying cotton fields. Male children currently applying pesticides between the ages of 9 and 15 (Younger, n = 30) and 16 and 19 (Older, n = 20) were recruited for the study. They completed a neurobehavioral test battery; personality inventory; work, health, and exposure questionnaires; and medical and neurological screening exams. Blood samples were collected to measure acetylcholinesterase. Children not working in agriculture, matched on age and education, served as controls. Both Younger and Older applicator groups, performed significantly worse than the controls on the majority of neurobehavioral tests controlling for age and years of education. The applicators reported significantly more neurological symptoms than the controls and had lower acetylcholinesterase activity. A dose-effect relationship demonstrated that increased years of exposure to organophosphate pesticides is associated with cognitive deficits. This is one of the several studies demonstrating that functional cognitive effects are positively correlated with increased years of exposure to OP pesticides, though primarily in adult populations, building confidence in the association. Since children around the world are exposed to OP pesticides, these studies suggest that the need to evaluate this potential problem is urgent.
KW - AChE
KW - Adolescents
KW - Neurobehavioral tests
KW - Pesticides
KW - Seasonal applicators
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U2 - 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.06.009
DO - 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.06.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 18662718
AN - SCOPUS:52149088134
SN - 0161-813X
VL - 29
SP - 833
EP - 838
JO - NeuroToxicology
JF - NeuroToxicology
IS - 5
ER -