TY - JOUR
T1 - Emotion Dysregulation Across Emotion Systems in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
AU - Musser, Erica D.
AU - Nigg, Joel T.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
©, Copyright © Society of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology.
PY - 2019/1/2
Y1 - 2019/1/2
N2 - Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display alterations in both emotion reactivity and regulation. One mechanism underlying such alternations may be reduced coherence among emotion systems (i.e., autonomic, facial affect). The present study sought to examine this. One hundred children (50 with ADHD combined presentation), 7–11 years of age (62% male, 78% White), completed an emotion induction and suppression task. This task was coded for facial affect behavior across both negative and positive emotion eliciting task conditions. Electrocardiogram and impedance cardiography data were acquired throughout the task. Time-linked coherence of facial affect behavior and autonomic reactivity and regulation were examined during the induction conditions using hierarchical linear modeling. Although ADHD and typically developing children did not differ with respect to rates of facial affect behavior displayed (all Fs < 2.09, ps > .29), the ADHD group exhibited reduced coherence between facial affect behavior and an index of parasympathetic functioning (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia), γ 10 = –0.03, SE = 0.02, t(138) = –1.96, p = .05. In contrast, children in the control group displayed a significant, positive, γ 10 = 0.06, SE = 0.01, t(138) = 4.07, p < .001, association between facial affect behavior and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Children with ADHD may receive conflicting emotional signals at the levels of facial affective behavior and parasympathetic functioning when compared to typically developing youth. Weakened coherence among these emotion systems may be an underlying mechanism of emotion dysregulation in ADHD. Implications for etiology and treatment are discussed.
AB - Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display alterations in both emotion reactivity and regulation. One mechanism underlying such alternations may be reduced coherence among emotion systems (i.e., autonomic, facial affect). The present study sought to examine this. One hundred children (50 with ADHD combined presentation), 7–11 years of age (62% male, 78% White), completed an emotion induction and suppression task. This task was coded for facial affect behavior across both negative and positive emotion eliciting task conditions. Electrocardiogram and impedance cardiography data were acquired throughout the task. Time-linked coherence of facial affect behavior and autonomic reactivity and regulation were examined during the induction conditions using hierarchical linear modeling. Although ADHD and typically developing children did not differ with respect to rates of facial affect behavior displayed (all Fs < 2.09, ps > .29), the ADHD group exhibited reduced coherence between facial affect behavior and an index of parasympathetic functioning (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia), γ 10 = –0.03, SE = 0.02, t(138) = –1.96, p = .05. In contrast, children in the control group displayed a significant, positive, γ 10 = 0.06, SE = 0.01, t(138) = 4.07, p < .001, association between facial affect behavior and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Children with ADHD may receive conflicting emotional signals at the levels of facial affective behavior and parasympathetic functioning when compared to typically developing youth. Weakened coherence among these emotion systems may be an underlying mechanism of emotion dysregulation in ADHD. Implications for etiology and treatment are discussed.
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U2 - 10.1080/15374416.2016.1270828
DO - 10.1080/15374416.2016.1270828
M3 - Article
C2 - 28103058
AN - SCOPUS:85009971842
SN - 1537-4416
VL - 48
SP - 153
EP - 165
JO - Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
JF - Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
IS - 1
ER -