TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimated number of injection-involved drug overdose deaths, United States, 2000 – 2018
AU - Hall, Eric W.
AU - Rosenberg, Eli S.
AU - Jones, Christopher M.
AU - Asher, Alice
AU - Valverde, Eduardo
AU - Bradley, Heather
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/5/1
Y1 - 2022/5/1
N2 - Background: In the United States, drug overdose mortality has increased. Death records categorize overdose deaths by type of drug involved, but do not include information about the route of drug administration. Methods: We utilized data from drug treatment admissions (Treatment Episodes Dataset, TEDS-A) and National Vital Statistics Systems to estimate the percentage of reported drug overdose deaths that were injection-involved from 2000 to 2018 in the U.S. Data on reported route of administration at admission were used to calculate the percent injecting each drug type, by demographic group (race/ethnicity, sex, age group) and year. Using the resulting probabilities, we estimated the number of overdose deaths that were injection-involved. Estimates were compared across drug types, demographic characteristics, and year. Findings: The number of overdose deaths among adults increased more than 3-fold from 2000 (n = 17,196) to 2018 (n = 67,021). During that timeframe, the number of estimated injection-involved overdose deaths increased more than 8-fold from 2000 (n = 3467, 95% CI: 3449–3485) to 2018 (n = 28,257, 95% CI: 28,192–28,322). From 2000–2007, the percent of overdose deaths that were injection-involved remained stable around 20%. From 2007–2018, the percent of overdose deaths that were injection-involved increased from 18.4% (95% CI: 18.3–18.6%) to 42.2% (95% CI: 42.1–42.3%). In 2018, most estimated injection-involved overdose deaths were due to injecting heroin/synthetic opioids (n = 24,860, 95% CI: 24,800–24,919), which accounted for 88.0% of all injection-involved deaths. Conclusions: Much of the recent increase in overdose mortality is likely attributable to rising injection-involved overdose deaths.
AB - Background: In the United States, drug overdose mortality has increased. Death records categorize overdose deaths by type of drug involved, but do not include information about the route of drug administration. Methods: We utilized data from drug treatment admissions (Treatment Episodes Dataset, TEDS-A) and National Vital Statistics Systems to estimate the percentage of reported drug overdose deaths that were injection-involved from 2000 to 2018 in the U.S. Data on reported route of administration at admission were used to calculate the percent injecting each drug type, by demographic group (race/ethnicity, sex, age group) and year. Using the resulting probabilities, we estimated the number of overdose deaths that were injection-involved. Estimates were compared across drug types, demographic characteristics, and year. Findings: The number of overdose deaths among adults increased more than 3-fold from 2000 (n = 17,196) to 2018 (n = 67,021). During that timeframe, the number of estimated injection-involved overdose deaths increased more than 8-fold from 2000 (n = 3467, 95% CI: 3449–3485) to 2018 (n = 28,257, 95% CI: 28,192–28,322). From 2000–2007, the percent of overdose deaths that were injection-involved remained stable around 20%. From 2007–2018, the percent of overdose deaths that were injection-involved increased from 18.4% (95% CI: 18.3–18.6%) to 42.2% (95% CI: 42.1–42.3%). In 2018, most estimated injection-involved overdose deaths were due to injecting heroin/synthetic opioids (n = 24,860, 95% CI: 24,800–24,919), which accounted for 88.0% of all injection-involved deaths. Conclusions: Much of the recent increase in overdose mortality is likely attributable to rising injection-involved overdose deaths.
KW - Drug overdose
KW - Injections
KW - Mortality
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U2 - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109428
DO - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109428
M3 - Article
C2 - 35364419
AN - SCOPUS:85127215072
SN - 0376-8716
VL - 234
JO - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
JF - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
M1 - 109428
ER -