Fully integrated CMUT-based forward-looking intracardiac imaging for electrophysiology

Amin Nikoozadeh; Ira O. Wygant; Der Song Lin; Orner Oralkan; Arif Sanli Ergun; Kai Thomenius; Aaron Dentinger; Douglas Wildes; Gina Akopyan; Kalyanam Shivkumar; Aman Mahajan; Douglas N. Stephens; David Sahn; Pierre T. Khuri-Yakub

doi:10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.230

Fully integrated CMUT-based forward-looking intracardiac imaging for electrophysiology

Amin Nikoozadeh, Ira O. Wygant, Der Song Lin, Orner Oralkan, Arif Sanli Ergun, Kai Thomenius, Aaron Dentinger, Douglas Wildes, Gina Akopyan, Kalyanam Shivkumar, Aman Mahajan, Douglas N. Stephens, David Sahn, Pierre T. Khuri-Yakub

Pediatrics

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Minimally invasive percutaneous electrophysiological mapping of the heart chambers is becoming a standard procedure to diagnose and treat cardiac arrhythmias. Due to advances in technology that enable small feature sizes and a high level of integration, non-fluoroscopic intracardiac imaging is attracting more attention to better guide electrophysiologal (EP) interventions. In this effort, we are developing a forward-looking intracardiac ultrasound imaging catheter, which is also equipped with several EP electrode sensor bands and a metal RF ablation tip enclosure. A 24-element fine-pitch (63 μm) 1-D array, based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) technology, has been fabricated for high-frame-rate imaging. Through-wafer vias are incorporated in the device to connect the signal and ground electrodes to the flip-chip bond pads on the backside of the array. The total footprint of the array measures 1.73 mm × 1.27 mm. Also a custom-designed integrated circuit (IC) has been fabricated to be closely integrated with the CMUT array for improved SNR. This IC comprises some of the important front-end electronics of an ultrasound imaging system. It measures 2 mm × 2 mm and is composed of 24 individual transmit/receive blocks. The transmit circuitry is capable of delivering 25-V unipolar pulses. The receive circuitry includes a transimpedance preamplifier followed by a line driver buffer. A CMUT array was flip-chip bonded directly on to the IC for initial testing. All of the 24 elements of the array and the IC are functional. Array uniformity was tested by measuring the resonant frequency in air. A standard deviation of 0.37 percent was measured around the mean value of 17.9 MHz. The same array operates at 9.2 MHz in immersion with a 104 percent fractional bandwidth. Imaging performance of the described front-end was tested on a commercial phantom and also in exvivo environment on an isolated perfused rabbit heart (Langendorff). The final goal is to integrate the CMUT array and the front-end electronics at the tip of a 10-F catheter. A flexible printed circuit board (PCB) has been designed and the first sub-assembly is ready for cable attachment and final catheter integration.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, IUS
Pages	900-903
Number of pages	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.230
State	Published - 2007
Event	2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS - New York, NY, United States Duration: Oct 28 2007 → Oct 31 2007

Publication series

Name	Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium
ISSN (Print)	1051-0117

Other

Other	2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS
Country/Territory	United States
City	New York, NY
Period	10/28/07 → 10/31/07

Keywords

CMUT
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers
Electrophysiology
Forward looking
Guidance
Intracardiac echo
Ultrasound

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Acoustics and Ultrasonics

Access to Document

10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.230

Cite this

Nikoozadeh, A., Wygant, I. O., Lin, D. S., Oralkan, O., Ergun, A. S., Thomenius, K., Dentinger, A., Wildes, D., Akopyan, G., Shivkumar, K., Mahajan, A., Stephens, D. N., Sahn, D., & Khuri-Yakub, P. T. (2007). Fully integrated CMUT-based forward-looking intracardiac imaging for electrophysiology. In 2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, IUS (pp. 900-903). Article 4409803 (Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium). https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.230

Nikoozadeh, A, Wygant, IO, Lin, DS, Oralkan, O, Ergun, AS, Thomenius, K, Dentinger, A, Wildes, D, Akopyan, G, Shivkumar, K, Mahajan, A, Stephens, DN, Sahn, D & Khuri-Yakub, PT 2007, Fully integrated CMUT-based forward-looking intracardiac imaging for electrophysiology. in 2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, IUS., 4409803, Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, pp. 900-903, 2007 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, IUS, New York, NY, United States, 10/28/07. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2007.230

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title = "Fully integrated CMUT-based forward-looking intracardiac imaging for electrophysiology",

abstract = "Minimally invasive percutaneous electrophysiological mapping of the heart chambers is becoming a standard procedure to diagnose and treat cardiac arrhythmias. Due to advances in technology that enable small feature sizes and a high level of integration, non-fluoroscopic intracardiac imaging is attracting more attention to better guide electrophysiologal (EP) interventions. In this effort, we are developing a forward-looking intracardiac ultrasound imaging catheter, which is also equipped with several EP electrode sensor bands and a metal RF ablation tip enclosure. A 24-element fine-pitch (63 μm) 1-D array, based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) technology, has been fabricated for high-frame-rate imaging. Through-wafer vias are incorporated in the device to connect the signal and ground electrodes to the flip-chip bond pads on the backside of the array. The total footprint of the array measures 1.73 mm × 1.27 mm. Also a custom-designed integrated circuit (IC) has been fabricated to be closely integrated with the CMUT array for improved SNR. This IC comprises some of the important front-end electronics of an ultrasound imaging system. It measures 2 mm × 2 mm and is composed of 24 individual transmit/receive blocks. The transmit circuitry is capable of delivering 25-V unipolar pulses. The receive circuitry includes a transimpedance preamplifier followed by a line driver buffer. A CMUT array was flip-chip bonded directly on to the IC for initial testing. All of the 24 elements of the array and the IC are functional. Array uniformity was tested by measuring the resonant frequency in air. A standard deviation of 0.37 percent was measured around the mean value of 17.9 MHz. The same array operates at 9.2 MHz in immersion with a 104 percent fractional bandwidth. Imaging performance of the described front-end was tested on a commercial phantom and also in exvivo environment on an isolated perfused rabbit heart (Langendorff). The final goal is to integrate the CMUT array and the front-end electronics at the tip of a 10-F catheter. A flexible printed circuit board (PCB) has been designed and the first sub-assembly is ready for cable attachment and final catheter integration.",

keywords = "CMUT, Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers, Electrophysiology, Forward looking, Guidance, Intracardiac echo, Ultrasound",

author = "Amin Nikoozadeh and Wygant, {Ira O.} and Lin, {Der Song} and Orner Oralkan and Ergun, {Arif Sanli} and Kai Thomenius and Aaron Dentinger and Douglas Wildes and Gina Akopyan and Kalyanam Shivkumar and Aman Mahajan and Stephens, {Douglas N.} and David Sahn and Khuri-Yakub, {Pierre T.}",

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AU - Thomenius, Kai

AU - Dentinger, Aaron

AU - Wildes, Douglas

AU - Akopyan, Gina

AU - Shivkumar, Kalyanam

AU - Mahajan, Aman

AU - Stephens, Douglas N.

AU - Sahn, David

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AB - Minimally invasive percutaneous electrophysiological mapping of the heart chambers is becoming a standard procedure to diagnose and treat cardiac arrhythmias. Due to advances in technology that enable small feature sizes and a high level of integration, non-fluoroscopic intracardiac imaging is attracting more attention to better guide electrophysiologal (EP) interventions. In this effort, we are developing a forward-looking intracardiac ultrasound imaging catheter, which is also equipped with several EP electrode sensor bands and a metal RF ablation tip enclosure. A 24-element fine-pitch (63 μm) 1-D array, based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) technology, has been fabricated for high-frame-rate imaging. Through-wafer vias are incorporated in the device to connect the signal and ground electrodes to the flip-chip bond pads on the backside of the array. The total footprint of the array measures 1.73 mm × 1.27 mm. Also a custom-designed integrated circuit (IC) has been fabricated to be closely integrated with the CMUT array for improved SNR. This IC comprises some of the important front-end electronics of an ultrasound imaging system. It measures 2 mm × 2 mm and is composed of 24 individual transmit/receive blocks. The transmit circuitry is capable of delivering 25-V unipolar pulses. The receive circuitry includes a transimpedance preamplifier followed by a line driver buffer. A CMUT array was flip-chip bonded directly on to the IC for initial testing. All of the 24 elements of the array and the IC are functional. Array uniformity was tested by measuring the resonant frequency in air. A standard deviation of 0.37 percent was measured around the mean value of 17.9 MHz. The same array operates at 9.2 MHz in immersion with a 104 percent fractional bandwidth. Imaging performance of the described front-end was tested on a commercial phantom and also in exvivo environment on an isolated perfused rabbit heart (Langendorff). The final goal is to integrate the CMUT array and the front-end electronics at the tip of a 10-F catheter. A flexible printed circuit board (PCB) has been designed and the first sub-assembly is ready for cable attachment and final catheter integration.

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Fully integrated CMUT-based forward-looking intracardiac imaging for electrophysiology

Abstract

Publication series

Other

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

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