TY - JOUR
T1 - Hereditary hemochromatosis and transferrin receptor 2
AU - Chen, Juxing
AU - Enns, Caroline A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by NIH DK072166 (CAE) and an American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship (JC).
PY - 2012/3
Y1 - 2012/3
N2 - Background: Multicellular organisms regulate the uptake of calories, trace elements, and other nutrients by complex feedback mechanisms. In the case of iron, the body senses internal iron stores, iron requirements for hematopoiesis, and inflammatory status, and regulates iron uptake by modulating the uptake of dietary iron from the intestine. Both the liver and the intestine participate in the coordination of iron uptake and distribution in the body. The liver senses inflammatory signals and iron status of the organism and secretes a peptide hormone, hepcidin. Under high iron or inflammatory conditions hepcidin levels increase. Hepcidin binds to the iron transport protein, ferroportin (FPN), promoting FPN internalization and degradation. Decreased FPN levels reduce iron efflux out of intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages into the circulation. Derangements in iron metabolism result in either the abnormal accumulation of iron in the body, or in anemias. The identification of the mutations that cause the iron overload disease, hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), or iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia has revealed many of the proteins used to regulate iron uptake. Scope of the review: In this review we discuss recent data concerning the regulation of iron homeostasis in the body by the liver and how transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) affects this process. Major conclusions: TfR2 plays a key role in regulating iron homeostasis in the body. General significance: The regulation of iron homeostasis is important. One third of the people in the world are anemic. HH is the most common inherited disease in people of Northern European origin and can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders.
AB - Background: Multicellular organisms regulate the uptake of calories, trace elements, and other nutrients by complex feedback mechanisms. In the case of iron, the body senses internal iron stores, iron requirements for hematopoiesis, and inflammatory status, and regulates iron uptake by modulating the uptake of dietary iron from the intestine. Both the liver and the intestine participate in the coordination of iron uptake and distribution in the body. The liver senses inflammatory signals and iron status of the organism and secretes a peptide hormone, hepcidin. Under high iron or inflammatory conditions hepcidin levels increase. Hepcidin binds to the iron transport protein, ferroportin (FPN), promoting FPN internalization and degradation. Decreased FPN levels reduce iron efflux out of intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages into the circulation. Derangements in iron metabolism result in either the abnormal accumulation of iron in the body, or in anemias. The identification of the mutations that cause the iron overload disease, hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), or iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia has revealed many of the proteins used to regulate iron uptake. Scope of the review: In this review we discuss recent data concerning the regulation of iron homeostasis in the body by the liver and how transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) affects this process. Major conclusions: TfR2 plays a key role in regulating iron homeostasis in the body. General significance: The regulation of iron homeostasis is important. One third of the people in the world are anemic. HH is the most common inherited disease in people of Northern European origin and can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders.
KW - BMP
KW - Ferroportin
KW - HFE
KW - Hemojuvelin
KW - Hepcidin
KW - TfR2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84857371872&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84857371872&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.07.015
DO - 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.07.015
M3 - Review article
C2 - 21864651
AN - SCOPUS:84857371872
SN - 0304-4165
VL - 1820
SP - 256
EP - 263
JO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects
JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects
IS - 3
ER -